Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü / Department of International Relations
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Publication After the Protest: Istanbul Park Forums and People's Engagement in Political Action(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2022) RAMAZANOĞULLARI, HANDEThis article presents an overview of the Istanbul park forums that emerged in parallel with the Gezi events - social protest movements that took place in summer 2013. Despite the criticism that Gezi events were short-lived, impulsive, and ineffectual I argue that they have a long-lasting influence on democratic consciousness and new forms of political action. Istanbul park forums, the street and urban squares have become an important link between those who wish to transform the qualities of both democracy and the regime at large with efforts to create influence over local and national policy-making processes through engagement in political action. Drawing from the political theory of Hannah Arendt, this study assigns the capacities of 'deed and speech' to redefine 'politics'. Analyzing the politics of the park forum process through the lens and concepts of Arendt's political theory suggests an alternative way of evaluating the eventual dissolution of the Gezi events: rather than suffering from the inability to organize themselves within the conventional format of party politics, I show that the Gezi community deliberately created a new manner of engagement through political action, and thereby cast its influence as a historic landmark in the future of Turkish politics.Publication Contested Sovereignties: Turkish Diplomacy, the Straits Commission, and the League of Nations (1924-1936)(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2022) PAPUÇÇULAR, HAZALThis article analyzes Turkey's complex relationship with the Straits Commission in the interwar period. The Convention Relating to the Regime of the Straits that was signed in Lausanne in 1923 stipulated the formation of an international commission under the auspices of the League of Nations. This institution became a locus that Turkey, the other members of the Commission and the League of Nations negotiated the sovereignty of the Straits and discussed the authority over its administration. This article shows that Turkey perceived the Commission detrimental to its sovereignty. However, this article also portrays an interesting case study that Turkey conducted diplomacy with this intergovernmental organization in which it actually played a leading role. The vague relationship of the Commission with the League of Nations that Turkey was not a member of until 1932 further complicates the narrative which emphasizes the multiple layers that diplomacy was formed and performed, thereby necessitating new approaches to the study of foreign policy. In this regard, this study aims to transcend the traditional accounts on interwar Turkish diplomacy, which have been dominated by the interstate bilateral relations.Publication Direct Democracy in the EU: The Myth of a Citizens' Union(2020) ERTÜRK, AHMET CEMAL; 312036Publication Eu External Governance in Policy Area Under "Embedded Stalemate": Navigating the Dynamic Networks of Turkish Transport(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2024) ERTÜRK, AHMET CEMALThis paper offers a nuanced examination of EU external governance within the challenging terrain of ‘embedded stalemate’, utilizing a network governance lens. Focusing on the Turkish transport sector as a case study, the research seeks to unravel the determinants of EU compliance in areas characterized by a protracted political impasse. By investigating the intricate dynamics of this ‘embedded stalemate’, the paper explores the question: ‘How do various factors influence the compliance with the EU in the Turkish transport sector amid a prolonged stalemate characterized by the absence of benchmarks and deadlines?’ Through 11 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, ranging from Turkish Ministry officials to private transport advisors, the study identifies variables such as incentives, actor capacities, asymmetry of interdependence, socialization, and politicization as crucial forces influencing the trajectory of compliance. The conceptual framework of network governance is introduced, providing a theoretical lens to understand the complex web of actors and preferences in this dynamic landscape. Therefore, the study concludes that as a result of ‘embedded stalemate’, patchy compliance is achieved through prolonged and dynamically evolving network governance involving a diverse array of actors from both the EU and Turkey sides.Publication EU Influence Beyond Conditionality: Turkey Plus/Minus the EU(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2021) TÜRKDOĞAN, SEYYİDE SENATurkey has deep historical roots with the European Union (EU). The Turkish application to establish an association with then-European Economic Community in 1959 marked the first interaction between the two, and after several attempts Turkey received candidate state status in 1999. The beginning of Turkey’s accession negotiations on October 2005 constituted an important turning point for Turkey’s relations with the EU and Turkey’s socio-political transformation...Publication EU-Turkey relations: Civil Society and Depoliticization(Routledge Journals, 2020) ERTÜRK, AHMET CEMAL; 312036Publication Evaluating the International Renewable Energy Agency Through the Lens of Social Constructivism(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd., 2021) Mengi-Dincer, H.; Ediger, V. S.; YESEVİ, ÇAĞLA GÜLIt is widely accepted that renewable energy will contribute to building a more sustainable world, and a transition from a fossil fuel-dominated to a renewable-based energy system is inevitable. However, only 5% of the world's primary energy consumption comes from renewables. It will, therefore, take considerable time to implement international policies and take effective actions to increase the use of renewable energy to a level that mitigates climate change. States remain the primary decision-makers in the international structure, but international organizations can help states internalize and form new identities by creating norms. It is expected that the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) will have a voice on international renewable energy policies. This study seeks to explain how IRENA helps shape these policies through its interactions with major players. It examines the agency's activities, initiatives, and tools over the past 10 years, and how it contributes to norm emergence and identity creation in renewable energy through social constructivism. Using the constructivist approach, this study argues that IRENA's efforts to create norms have succeeded to a considerable extent, but the agency needs to spread its initiatives more equally around the world so that these norms become truly universal. Today, nearly every state needs to improve its renewable energy policies. This objective may only be possible if states form a common identity through the internalization of renewable energy norms. IRENA still has a lot of work to do.Publication Göç Teorileri Açısından Türkistan’dan Göç Olgusunun Değerlendirilmesi(Küre Yayınları, 2021-04) Yesevi, Çağla Gül; 140841Bu çalışmada göç kavramı tanımlanmış, Türkistan’dan göç anlatılmıştır. Diaspora, kimlik, aidiyet ve etnik grup tanımlamaları ve etkileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Göç teorileri bağlamında, Türkistan’dan göç açıklanmıştır. Araştırma, 1930’lu yıllarda Türkistan coğrafyasından -bugünkü Orta Asya’dan- Afganistan’a, oradan 1950’li yıllardan itibaren Türkiye, Suudi Arabistan ve ABD’ye göç edenler ve aileleriyle derinlemesine mülakat ve anket çalışmasını içermiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 70 kişiyle tek tek ve yüz yüze derinlemesine mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmaya temel teşkil eden sözlü tarih verileri, “Türkistan’dan Göçün Kimlik Oluşumuna Etkisi” adlı projenin sonuçlarına dayanmaktadır ve bizzat göçmenlerle yapılan mülakatlardan derlenen yeni bilgileri de içermektedir. Çalışma ile gerçekleşen göçle ilgili bilgi edinilmiş ve bireylerin tanık oldukları tarihin belli bir kısmı bakış açıları çerçevesinde değerlendirilebilmiştir.Publication Introduction to the Special Issue: New Diplomatic Histories of Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2022) Kuru, Deniz; PAPUÇÇULAR, HAZALThis article provides an introduction to the special issue on 'New Diplomatic Histories of Turkey'. Utilizing approaches that follow the rich pathways offered by the increasingly relevant new diplomatic history, we aim to go beyond traditional diplomatic history studies on Turkey, which usually focus on inter-state relations that mostly remain at the bilateral levels. In this regard, this introduction first analyses the recent turn taking place in diplomatic history. By portraying in detail the recent scholarly efforts to enhance the field, it becomes possible to pinpoint the multiple directions in which Turkey-pertinent diplomatic-historical studies could move ahead in novel ways. Upon this premise, second, we summarize the content of the special issue by emphasizing how the present articles connect studies on the diplomacy of Turkey to approaches enriched by new diplomatic history. In this regard, the studies in this special issue cover a wide range of topics, from transnationalism to public diplomacy. The last part deals with possible ways through which to widen the scope of Turkey's diplomatic histories.Publication Putting an End to "Crisis Europe"(Turkish Policy Quarterly (TPQ), 2022) AKGÜN, İBRAHİM MENSUR; ERTÜRK, AHMET CEMALThe term "Crisis Europe" simply defines the current state of the EU affairs. Within the last ten years, the financial crisis, the entrance of refugees, the pandemic, and lately, the Russian invasion have deeply damaged the actorness of the bloc. Under the shadow of war, European decision-makers have once again turned to their endless search for solidarity and more integration as a response. Yet, it seems that the EU has a mountain to climb to convince its inner circle and the outer world. This short analysis tries to understand the dynamics that pushed the EU into a crisis stage and issues that consistently pulled the rug out from under the idea of unity. Moreover, it also offers a more flexible approach as an alternative plan to unblock the ongoing impasse.Publication Türk Dünyası ve Göç : Vatandan Yeni Vatanlara(Küre Yayınları, 2021-04) Yesevi, Çağla GülUzun yıllardır dış göç alan ülkemizde son yıllarda göç üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmakta. Türkiye’deki göç literatürüne anlamlı bir katkı sunan bu kitap, Türk dünyasında göçün tanımlanması, farklı coğrafyalarda yaşanan zorluklar, diaspora, göç veren ve göç alan ülkelerle ilişkiler, göçmenlerin durumları, küresel ve bölgesel aktörlerin göçe etkileri, STK’ların buna yönelik çalışmaları ile ülkelerin göç ve göçmen politikaları gibi meseleleri tartışmaya açıyor. Göçe dair yeni soru ve sorunların değerlendirilmesinde yol gösterici niteliğiyle Türk Dünyası ve Göç, söz konusu göçlerin sebepleri ve bunun göçmenlerin kimliklerini, yaşamlarını nasıl etkilediği gibi hususlarda kapsamlı bir başvuru kitabı.Publication Türkiye ve Türk Cumhuriyetleri İlişkilerinde Geçmişten Günümüze Göç(Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 2021) Yesevi, Çağla Gül; 140841; Yaldız, Fırat