Publication: Akıllı şehirlerde çöp toplama sisteminin genetik algoritma ile eniyilemesi
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Özmen, Mehmet
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Abstract
Şehirlerdeki demografik büyüme hızı, nüfus yoğunluğunda ve buna bağlı olarak günlük atık miktarlarında büyük bir artışa sebep olmuştur. Bu artış tüm dünyada yönetilmesi gereken en önemli konulardan biri haline gelmiştir çünkü düzgün yönetilmeyen atık toplama sistemleri çevreye/doğaya ciddi zararlar vermektedir. Bu nedenle, problem tamamen ortadan kaldırılamasa bile, bu problemi mümkün olan en iyi seviyede yönetebilen sistemlerin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu problemin yönetimi son yıllarda tüm dünyada hükümetlerin odak noktası olan, global adı ile "Smart City" olarak adlandırın Akıllı Şehir kurma projelerine konu olmuştur. Akıllı Şehir projelerinde katı atıkların toplanması sensörler, ağlar, yazılımlar ve diğer akıllı şehir sistemlerine konu teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında "Atık Toplama Rota Optimizasyonu" problemi olarak tanımlanıp çözülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Atık Toplama Rotası Optimizasyonu problemi, atık konteynırlarının doluluğunun tespit edilerek toplama araçlarının gereksiz dolaşımını engelleyerek araç dolaşımında oluşan trafiği azaltmak, yakıt tasarrufu sağlayarak gider azaltmak ve doğaya daha az zararlı gaz salınımı yapmayı sağlayabilme problemi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atık konteynırlarının doluluklarının tespit edilerek toplama listesine alınması ve bu listedeki çöplerin en kısa yoldan toplanması amaçlanmıştır. Önerilen sistemde, atık konteynırlarının doluluklarının tespiti, tabanlarına yerleştirilen ve konteynır içindeki atıkların ağırlığını ölçemeye yarayan sensörlerle yapılmaktadır. Sensörlerden gelen veriye göre doluluk oranının toplanmak için yeterli olduğuna karar verilen konteynırlar toplama listesine dâhil edilmektedir. Sonrasında ise listede bulunan konteynırların konumlarına göre Genetik Algoritmalar ile mesafe hesaplamaları yapılarak toplama aracının rotası belirlenmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Atık Toplama, Akıllı Şehir, Dinamik Rota Optimizasyonu
The demographic growth rate in the cities has led to a large increase in population density and consequently daily waste amounts. This increase has become one of the most important issues to be managed all over the world because improperly managed waste collection systems cause serious damage to the environment / nature. Therefore, even if the problem cannot be completely eliminated, there is a need to develop systems that can manage this problem at the best possible level. The management of this problem has been the subject of Smart City building projects, called "Smart City" with its global name, which is the focal point of goverments all over the world. The collection of solid wastes in Smart City projects is defined and tried to be solved as a "Waste Collection Route Optimization" problem in the light of technological developments in sensors, networks, software and other smart city systems. Waste Collection Route Optimization problem, by determining the fullness of waste containers and preventing unnecessary circulation of collection vehicles, it is defined as the problem of reducing the traffic in vehicle circulation, reducing expenses by saving fuel and ensuring less harmful gas emission to the environment. In this study, it is aimed to determine the fullness of waste containers, to put them in the collection list and to collect the garbage in this list in the shortest way. In the proposed system, the determination of the fullness of the waste containers is made with sensors placed on their bottom and used to measure the weight of the waste in the container. According to the data from the sensors, the containers that are determined to be sufficient to collect are included in the collection list. Afterwards, distance calculations are made with Genetic Algorithms according to the locations of the containers in the list, and the route of the collection vehicle is determined. Keywords: Waste Collection, Smart City, Dynamic Route Optimization
The demographic growth rate in the cities has led to a large increase in population density and consequently daily waste amounts. This increase has become one of the most important issues to be managed all over the world because improperly managed waste collection systems cause serious damage to the environment / nature. Therefore, even if the problem cannot be completely eliminated, there is a need to develop systems that can manage this problem at the best possible level. The management of this problem has been the subject of Smart City building projects, called "Smart City" with its global name, which is the focal point of goverments all over the world. The collection of solid wastes in Smart City projects is defined and tried to be solved as a "Waste Collection Route Optimization" problem in the light of technological developments in sensors, networks, software and other smart city systems. Waste Collection Route Optimization problem, by determining the fullness of waste containers and preventing unnecessary circulation of collection vehicles, it is defined as the problem of reducing the traffic in vehicle circulation, reducing expenses by saving fuel and ensuring less harmful gas emission to the environment. In this study, it is aimed to determine the fullness of waste containers, to put them in the collection list and to collect the garbage in this list in the shortest way. In the proposed system, the determination of the fullness of the waste containers is made with sensors placed on their bottom and used to measure the weight of the waste in the container. According to the data from the sensors, the containers that are determined to be sufficient to collect are included in the collection list. Afterwards, distance calculations are made with Genetic Algorithms according to the locations of the containers in the list, and the route of the collection vehicle is determined. Keywords: Waste Collection, Smart City, Dynamic Route Optimization