Publication: İstanbul'daki Musevi okulları ve koruma sorunları, Ortaköy ETZ Ahayim sinagogu Musevi mektebi örneği
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Date
2019
Authors
Erdim, Ümit
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimarlık Tarihi ve Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti'nin azınlık politikası, kent kurgusunu etkileyen çok kültürlü toplumsal yapılanmaya izin vermiştir. Yüzyıllar boyunca farklı din ve etnik kökene mensup topluluklar kendi ibadet mekanlarını, eğitim yapılarını, dinlenme ve eğlence alanlarını inşa etme ve işletme imkanına sahip olmuşlardır. Bu oluşum Osmanlı Devleti idaresinde olan kentlerde benzersiz bir kimliksel katmanlaşma yaratmaktadır. Tarihsel süreçteki dönüşümle beraber farklı etnik ve dini kökendeki toplumsal yapılanma yok olmuş olsa da bu yapılanmanın fiziksel çevredeki ifadesi, anıtsal ve sivil mimari yapılar olarak bugün hala varlığını sürdürmektedir. Osmanlı Devlet'i döneminde Türk, Yahudi, Ermeni ve Rum topluluklarının bir arada yaşadığı semtlerden biri olan Ortaköy, bu kimliksel katmanlaşmanın var olduğu eşsiz bir kent karakteri sunar. Günümüzde bu tarihi katmanlaşmanın bir parçası olan kamusal yapılar bina ölçeğinde işlevsiz kalarak kentin yoğun dokusunda kaybolmuş, ait olduğu sistemden ayrılmıştır. Bu tez ile, eğitimde modernleşme etkisiyle AIU (Alliance Israelite Universelle) vakfının kurduğu Ortaköy Etz Ahayim Sinagogu'na bağlı Musevi Mektebi yapısının, Osmanlı Devleti döneminden günümüze değişen azınlık yasaları ve bu yasalar kapsamında eğitim yapılarına etkileri incelenerek, Ortaköy Etz Ahayim Sinagogu Musevi Mektebi'nin koruma sorunlarının belirlenmesi ve yeniden işlev kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır.
The administration system of the Ottoman Empire, which granted privileges to the minorities, allowed the multi-cultural social organization that affects the urban structure significantly. Throughout the centuries, communities of different religions and ethnicities have been empowered to build and operate their own places of worship, schools, recreation and entertainment. This formation creates a unique identity in Ottoman cities. Although this social structure has been disappeared along with the transformation in the history, the monumental and civil architecture structures are still maintain its existence. Ortaköy, one of the main districts where Turkish, Armenian, Jewish and Greek communities lived together during the Ottoman reign, represents a unique urban character with its identity stratification. Today, architectural structures, which are part of this historic stratification, are lost in the dense texture of the city and separated from the system they belonging to. This study investigates the Jewish School Building of Ortaköy Etz Ahayim Synagogue, which was established by the AIU (Alliance Israelite Universelle) Association with the aim of modernize Jewish education. Within the scope of this dissertation , the changing minority policies of Ottoman Empire and its effects to the educational buildings in the different historical stages will be examined. Furthermore, refunctioning proposals and protection problems of the Ortaköy Etz Ahayim School Building will be discussed.
The administration system of the Ottoman Empire, which granted privileges to the minorities, allowed the multi-cultural social organization that affects the urban structure significantly. Throughout the centuries, communities of different religions and ethnicities have been empowered to build and operate their own places of worship, schools, recreation and entertainment. This formation creates a unique identity in Ottoman cities. Although this social structure has been disappeared along with the transformation in the history, the monumental and civil architecture structures are still maintain its existence. Ortaköy, one of the main districts where Turkish, Armenian, Jewish and Greek communities lived together during the Ottoman reign, represents a unique urban character with its identity stratification. Today, architectural structures, which are part of this historic stratification, are lost in the dense texture of the city and separated from the system they belonging to. This study investigates the Jewish School Building of Ortaköy Etz Ahayim Synagogue, which was established by the AIU (Alliance Israelite Universelle) Association with the aim of modernize Jewish education. Within the scope of this dissertation , the changing minority policies of Ottoman Empire and its effects to the educational buildings in the different historical stages will be examined. Furthermore, refunctioning proposals and protection problems of the Ortaköy Etz Ahayim School Building will be discussed.
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Keywords
Mimarlık, Architecture