Publication: Yatayda ve düşeyde düzensiz olan yapı sistemlerinin deprem hesabında yatay yük artımı yöntemi
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Date
2021
Authors
Bozkurt, Hüseyin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Yapı Bilim Dalı
Abstract
Bu çalışmada düşeyde düzensizlikleri olan 3 katlı betonarme bir binanın ilk aksındaki çerçevenin ve tasarımı yapılan 3 boyutlu sistemin doğrusal olmayan davranış sırasında burkulmaya karş güvenliğinin değişimi ve TBDY 2018' göre yapı düzensizliklerinin kontrolleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çerçevenin çeşitli çözümlemelerinde SAP 2000 programı kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle mesnetlenme koşullarının dinamik davranış özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin irdelenmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu amaçla önce çerçevenin zemine ankastre mesnetlendiği kabul edilmiş; daha sonra zemine bağlanma koşulları değiştirilerek farklı durumlar için çerçevenin serbest titreşim özellikleri bulunmaktadır. Çerçeve farklı yükleme durumları ele alınarak mevcut yapı yönetmeliklere uygun hesaplamalar ile boyutlandırılmış ve donatılmıştır. Tüm kolon ve kiriş kesitlerinin Moment-Eğrilik grafiklerinin oluşturulması için XTRACT yapı programından yararlanılmış ve bilgiler gerektiğinde SAP 2000'e aktarımı sağlanmıştır. Çerçevenin deprem davranışının daha detaylı olarak incelenmesi için düşey yükler sabit tutulup yatay yük artımları ile çözümlemeler yapılmakta ve bu hesaba Statik İtme Analizi denilmektedir. Bu hesap analizinde yatay yük artımları sırasında yapıdaki her plastik mafsal oluşma sıralamasına bağlı olarak, tek plastik mafsallı durumdan başlayıp, mafsal sayısı artırılmaya devam edilerek çözümleme yapılmaktadır. Buradaki amaç sistemin göçme veya limit yüküne eriştiği çok mafsallı duruma kadarki serbest titreşim ve burkulma özellikleri gözden geçirilmesi, yatay yük artımları gerektiği kadar küçültülerek her defasında tek bir plastik mafsalın ortaya çıkması durumuna özen gösterilmesidir. Her evrede sistemin burkulma yük parametreleri de hesaplanarak limit yüke ulaşmadan göçme yaşanıp yaşanmadığı gözlenmektedir. Bu işlemler sırasında iki farklı yol izlenmektedir. İlkinde sistemdeki plastik mafsalların oluştuğu kesitlere hiç moment taşımayan mafsallar atanmış ve burkulma yük parametreleri hesaplanmıştır. İkincisinde ise yaklaşık olarak kabul edilen bir plastik mafsal boyu kadarki kısımda elemanın eğilme rijitliği moment - eğrilik bağıntısından yararlanılarak azaltılmış ve tüm çözümlemeler yinelenerek karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Sistemde yatay yük artım analizi iki yönde de yapılmaktadır. Bu olgunun önemi ise, limit yük, serbest titreşim ve burkulma karakteristiklerinin incelenmesine olanak sağlamasıdır. Final olarak betonarme çerçeve sistemine sahip düzensiz yapıların doğrusal olmayan değişimlerinin hem 2 boyutlu hem de 3 boyutlu sistemler üzerinde ilerleyip varılan sonuçlar ile sistemlere yapılması gereken yapısal müdahalelere ihtiyaç duyulduğu vurgulanmıştır.
In this study, the change of the safety of the frame on the first axle of a 3-storey reinforced concrete building with vertical irregularities and the 3D system designed against buckling during nonlinear behavior and the controls of structural irregularities according to TBDY 2018 were emphasized. The very well known computer program SAP 2000 has been used for various analyes of the frame. The boundary conditions have been changed to see its effects on vibration characteristics of this structure after having properly designed according to the existing codes. For this purpose, it was first assumed that the frame was fixed supported to the ground. Then, the free vibration charecteristics of the frame have been found for different bounding conditions by changing the boundary conditions. The frame is dimension and equipped in accordance with existing building regulations by addressing different loading situations. XTRACT program was used to create Moment-Curvature graphs of all column and beam sections and information was transferred to SAP 2000 when necessary. In order to examine the earthquake behavior of the frame in more detail, vertical loads were kept constant and analyzed with horizontal load increments and this account was called Pushover Analysis. In this calculation analysis, depending on the order of formation of each plastic hinge in the structure during horizontal load increments, the free vibration and buckling properties up to the very articulated state where the system reaches the collapse or limit load by starting from a single plastic hinge state and continuing to increase the number of joints were reviewed, and the horizontal load increments were reduced as much as necessary and care was taken to ensure the appearance of a single plastic hinge at a time. At each stage, the buckling load parameters of the system were calculated and it was observed whether there was a collapse before the limit reached the load. During these operations, two different paths were followed. In the first, articulates that do not carry any moments were placed in the sections where the plastic hinge in the system were formed and buckling load parameters were calculated. In the second, the bending rigidity of the element was reduced by using the moment - curvature relationship in the part about the size of a plastic hinge, which is considered to be approximate, and comparisons were made by repeating all the analyses. Ones again pushover analysis has been carried out to see the change in limit load, vibration and buckling charesteristics. Pushover analysis has been carried out in two opposite directions to see the effects of non- symmetrical behaviour of the structure. Finally, it was emphasized that nonlinear changes of irregular structures with reinforced concrete frame system are needed to progress on both 2D and 3D systems and structural interventions should be made to the systems with the results reached.
In this study, the change of the safety of the frame on the first axle of a 3-storey reinforced concrete building with vertical irregularities and the 3D system designed against buckling during nonlinear behavior and the controls of structural irregularities according to TBDY 2018 were emphasized. The very well known computer program SAP 2000 has been used for various analyes of the frame. The boundary conditions have been changed to see its effects on vibration characteristics of this structure after having properly designed according to the existing codes. For this purpose, it was first assumed that the frame was fixed supported to the ground. Then, the free vibration charecteristics of the frame have been found for different bounding conditions by changing the boundary conditions. The frame is dimension and equipped in accordance with existing building regulations by addressing different loading situations. XTRACT program was used to create Moment-Curvature graphs of all column and beam sections and information was transferred to SAP 2000 when necessary. In order to examine the earthquake behavior of the frame in more detail, vertical loads were kept constant and analyzed with horizontal load increments and this account was called Pushover Analysis. In this calculation analysis, depending on the order of formation of each plastic hinge in the structure during horizontal load increments, the free vibration and buckling properties up to the very articulated state where the system reaches the collapse or limit load by starting from a single plastic hinge state and continuing to increase the number of joints were reviewed, and the horizontal load increments were reduced as much as necessary and care was taken to ensure the appearance of a single plastic hinge at a time. At each stage, the buckling load parameters of the system were calculated and it was observed whether there was a collapse before the limit reached the load. During these operations, two different paths were followed. In the first, articulates that do not carry any moments were placed in the sections where the plastic hinge in the system were formed and buckling load parameters were calculated. In the second, the bending rigidity of the element was reduced by using the moment - curvature relationship in the part about the size of a plastic hinge, which is considered to be approximate, and comparisons were made by repeating all the analyses. Ones again pushover analysis has been carried out to see the change in limit load, vibration and buckling charesteristics. Pushover analysis has been carried out in two opposite directions to see the effects of non- symmetrical behaviour of the structure. Finally, it was emphasized that nonlinear changes of irregular structures with reinforced concrete frame system are needed to progress on both 2D and 3D systems and structural interventions should be made to the systems with the results reached.
Description
Keywords
İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering