Publication: Ekolojik mimarlık kapsamında malzeme seçiminin yerel mimarideki yeri; Geleneksel Urfa evleri
Date
2021
Authors
Çiftçi, Sümeyya Yazmacı
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Ana Bilim Dalı / İç Mimarlık Bilim Dalı
Abstract
Hızlı nüfus artışı ve teknolojik gelişmelerle insanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik pratik çözümler geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Olaya sadece " anı kurtarma" şeklinde yaklaşılarak artan konfor isteklerini karşılarken doğaya verilen zarar ve çevre tahribatı göz ardı edilmiştir. Verilen zararın geri dönülmez boyutlara ulaşmasıyla 20.yy sonlarında çeşitli kuruluş ve mimarlar bu duruma farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla sorunu uluslararası platforma taşımıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ekolojiye en fazla zararın yapı sektörünün verdiği saptanarak bu konuda çözümler üretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda geliştirilen çözümlerin başında enerji etkin ekolojik yapıların tasarım kriterleri ve yapım sistemleriyle birlikte uygun malzeme seçimi üzerinde durularak bu alanda çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada üç ana başlık üzerinde durulmuştur.İlk olarak ekoloji kavramı ve tarihsel süreç içerisinde göstermiş olduğu gelişim üzerine bilgiler verilmiştir. İkinci ana başlık olarak,enerji etkin yapıların ana bileşenlerinden olan yapı malzemelerinin enerji tasarrufundaki rolüne değinilerek malzemeden beklenilen temel unsurların;enerjiyi az kullanması ve verimli kullanması bunu yaparken de dayanıklığından ödün vermeyerek uzun yıllar kullanım fırsatı sunması, yapı ömrü sonlanınca da tekrar geri dönüşüm özelliğiyle doğaya kazandırılması özellikleri detaylı olarak anlatılmıştır. Son ana başlık olarak da günümüzde popilerliğini kaybeden yerel malzemelerle yapılan geleneksel yapıların ekolojik kriterleri tam olarak sağladığından tekrardan gündeme gelip inşa edilmesi gerektiği savunulmuştur. Tez kapsamında ekolojik yapı tasarım kriterlerinden belki de en önemlisi olan malzeme seçimi üzerine bilgiler verilerek geleneksel mimariyle olan ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Alan çalışması olarak seçilen Şanlıurfa'daki geleneksel konutların; plan şemaları ,uygulama teknikleri ve kullanılan yerel malzemeleri detaylı ele alınarak ekolojik kriterleri nasıl sağladığı örnekler üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Bölüm sonunda verilen bilgiler ışığında yerel malzeme seçimiyle Şanlıurfa'nın geleneksel mimarisini yansıtan, enerjiyi doğru kullanıp, kendi kendine yetebilen ekolojik konut önerisi tasarlanmıştır.
With rapid population growth and technological developments, practical solutions have been tried to be developed to meet the needs of people. While meeting the increasing comfort demands by approaching the event only as "recovering the moment", the damage to nature and environmental destruction were ignored. At the end of the 20th century, various organizations and architects brought the problem to the international platform in order to raise awareness of this situation, as the damage reached irreversible dimensions. Within the scope of the research, it was determined that the construction sector caused the most damage to ecology and it was aimed to produce solutions in this regard. At the beginning of the solutions developed in this direction, the design criteria of energy efficient ecological structures and the selection of appropriate materials together with the construction systems were emphasized and studies were carried out in this field. The study focused on three main topics. First of all, information on the concept of ecology and its development in the historical process is given. As the second main topic, the role of building materials, which are the main components of energy efficient structures, in energy saving is mentioned, and the basic elements expected from the material are to use energy less and to use it efficiently, while providing the opportunity to use for many years without sacrificing its durability, and bringing it back to the nature with the feature of recycling at the end of the structure's life are explained in detail. As the last main topic, it has been argued that traditional buildings made with local materials, which have lost their popularity today, should come to the agenda and be built again since they fully meet the ecological criteria. Within the scope of the thesis, information on material selection, which is perhaps the most important of the ecological building design criteria, is given and its relationship with traditional architecture is examined. The plan schemes, application techniques, and local materials used of the traditional houses in Şanlıurfa which were chosen as a field study are discussed in detail and how they meet the ecological criteria is explained through examples. In the light of the information given at the end of the chapter, a self-sufficient ecological housing proposal was designed by using the energy that reflects the traditional architecture of Şanlıurfa with the selection of local materials.
With rapid population growth and technological developments, practical solutions have been tried to be developed to meet the needs of people. While meeting the increasing comfort demands by approaching the event only as "recovering the moment", the damage to nature and environmental destruction were ignored. At the end of the 20th century, various organizations and architects brought the problem to the international platform in order to raise awareness of this situation, as the damage reached irreversible dimensions. Within the scope of the research, it was determined that the construction sector caused the most damage to ecology and it was aimed to produce solutions in this regard. At the beginning of the solutions developed in this direction, the design criteria of energy efficient ecological structures and the selection of appropriate materials together with the construction systems were emphasized and studies were carried out in this field. The study focused on three main topics. First of all, information on the concept of ecology and its development in the historical process is given. As the second main topic, the role of building materials, which are the main components of energy efficient structures, in energy saving is mentioned, and the basic elements expected from the material are to use energy less and to use it efficiently, while providing the opportunity to use for many years without sacrificing its durability, and bringing it back to the nature with the feature of recycling at the end of the structure's life are explained in detail. As the last main topic, it has been argued that traditional buildings made with local materials, which have lost their popularity today, should come to the agenda and be built again since they fully meet the ecological criteria. Within the scope of the thesis, information on material selection, which is perhaps the most important of the ecological building design criteria, is given and its relationship with traditional architecture is examined. The plan schemes, application techniques, and local materials used of the traditional houses in Şanlıurfa which were chosen as a field study are discussed in detail and how they meet the ecological criteria is explained through examples. In the light of the information given at the end of the chapter, a self-sufficient ecological housing proposal was designed by using the energy that reflects the traditional architecture of Şanlıurfa with the selection of local materials.
Description
Keywords
Mimarlık, Architecture