The Western Sahara Conflict: Geography, Origins, Autonomy, and International Response

Abstract

The Western Sahara conflict poses a persistent challenge to regional stability, driven by complex geopolitical dynamics encompassing territory, population, and natural resources. This thesis conducts a comprehensive examination of the conflict's origins and evolution, analyzing its geographical, demographic, and resource-related aspects. The study begins with an exploration of Western Sahara's geographic landscape, offering insights into its strategic significance and implications for territorial sovereignty. It delves into the region's demographic composition, shedding light on diverse ethnic groups and their historical trajectories, which play a crucial role in shaping the conflict's socio-political landscape. Central to the thesis is a detailed scrutinizes the Moroccan claim over Western Sahara and assesses the viability of the autonomy plan proposed in 2007 as a potential resolution framework. This evaluation considers its feasibility, alignment with international legal principles, and the reactions it has elicited from various global stakeholders. Drawing on a diverse range of scholarly perspectives and empirical evidence, this thesis contributes to a nuanced understanding of the Western Sahara conflict. By elucidating historical, socio-economic, and political dimensions, it aims to provide valuable insights for ongoing debates and promote the prospects of achieving a just and sustainable resolution.