Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans Programı / International Relations Master's Degree Program
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11413/78
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Item Open Access Iranian Foreign Policy Towards the Syrian Crisis: (2011-2021)(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) KATTAN, MOHAMMAD IMAD; Bora BayraktarIran was the first supporter of the Syrian regime and interfered with the Syrian crisis with all its military, security, economic, political, and social weight in Syrian civil war which erupted in march 2011. The depth of its intervention differed from all the countries involved in the Syrian crisis. Syria is critical for Iran within Iranian national security, Shiite geopolitics, regional isolation, and shared threat perceptions. A state of singularity characterizes the Iranian-Syrian relationship and crystallizes as an inevitable fateful relationship, either winning or losing together. Iran consolidated its influence and continues to penetrate the state's institutions in terms of military, security, economic, and social. The (social engineering) and demographic change is a unique case that distinguished Iran from all foreign powers that intervened in Syria, and it severely impacted the unity of Syrian soil.Item Open Access The Role of Cultural Activities in Preserving the Palestinian Idntity in Occupied East Jerusalem(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) SHURRAB, HATEM M. M.; Bora BayraktarThe Israel-Palestine conflict in the city of Jerusalem is not only about who dominates control over the land and religious sites, but it includes a cultural struggle used as a soft power. Palestinians have faced massive challenges in preserving their national identity in the city, so this research attempts to examine Palestinian cultural efforts against the Israeli narrative. The study adopted reliable methods including qualitative, historical and exploratory research and interviews with Palestinians working in the cultural field, the study focused on how Palestinians handle the Israeli policies and restrictions - against cultural activities - to emphasize the Palestinian identity of Jerusalem. The study found out the major obstacles facing Palestinians in preserving their identity in the city which were objective because of the bitter reality of the occupation, and subjective because of the shortcomings in managing the cultural field in Jerusalem. The findings of the study were that the Palestinians partially succeeded in reviving the Palestinian cultural narrative as means of preserving identity, but not in the desired manner, due to the difference in the balance of power that tends in favor of the occupation. The study concluded with many recommendations, the most important was to consolidate efforts by all stakeholders including scholars, religious figures, intellectuals, Palestinian organizations and supporters to empower and improve the Palestinian cultural presence in the city. Along with providing the necessary financial support to establish and support cultural activities and Palestinian steadfastness in Jerusalem in general.Item Open Access Impacts of East Mediterranean Gas Forum on the Energy Security(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) DÖŞLÜ, SENA; Çağla Gül YeseviFor centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean has been one of the world's most important strategic transit routes. In today's modern world, the situation is the same; there are many conflicts between the countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In this thesis, the regional disputes and conflicts are analyzed focusing on the East Mediterranean Gas Forum. The problems of countries today are different from those of the past. Considering the regional problems, it is understood that energy security is one of the critical problems. Energy security and recent natural gas discoveries are important issues of the Eastern Mediterranean region. This thesis focuses on the impact of the East Mediterranean Gas Forum on energy security. The liberal institutionalism theory used in the thesis is the most appropriate theory to explain the historical developments and evolution of the East Mediterranean Gas Forum. It is analyzed whether the East Mediterranean Gas Forum impacts Europe's ability to overcome its energy crisis. In this study, the impact of the development of the East Mediterranean Gas Forum on the European energy crisis is explained. The East Mediterranean Gas Forum which is an international organization will be effective in solving the European energy crisis. It will be strengthened in its cooperation with Türkiye. Conflicts related to energy security will be able to be solved with Türkiye's involvement in the cooperation process in the region and with its bilateral agreements. In addition, if the parties agree on the necessary conditions, it will be possible to end the conflicts. Improvement of bilateral relations between Türkiye and regional countries will strengthen cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean. The thesis also analyzes the development of the East Mediterranean Gas Forum over the years and explains the roles played by the member countries in this process. The Republic of Türkiye is not a member of this forum. This thesis focuses on the regional energy security implications and contributions of the East Mediterranean Gas Forum and Türkiye. As an influential actor in the region, Türkiye's relations with Israel, Greece, and Egypt, the East Mediterranean Gas Forum members, are analyzed. The relations among the countries in the Eastern Mediterranean are analyzed from a historical perspective. The energy security in the Eastern Mediterranean can be accomplished with multilateral cooperation among the member states of the East Mediterranean Gas Forum and with the help of Türkiye's involvement in this cooperation process.Item Open Access The Challenges of the French Secularism on the Lives of Muslim Women(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) FARAH, HAMDA ABDOU; Nazlı Çağın BilgiliThis thesis explores the challenges encountered by Muslim women in France due to secularism, a key principle of French society. By focusing on the complex interactions between secularism, religious identity, and gender, this research examines the tensions and conflicts experienced by Muslim women in their daily lives. The study analyzes French secular policies and laws, including the ban on full-face veiling, and their impact on the rights and freedoms of Muslim women. It also examines the psychological, social, and cultural repercussions of these measures on their sense of belonging and ability to express their religious and cultural identity. Furthermore, this research examines the specific challenges faced by Muslim women in areas such as education, employment, and access to public services due to secularism and the stereotypes and prejudices associated with their religion. The primary objective of this research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the interactions between secularism, gender, and religious identity, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the challenges faced by Muslim women in France and aims to promote constructive and inclusive dialogue on the issue of secularism in French society.Item Open Access Present Day Development and Future Perspectives of Turkish-Kyrgyz Relations(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) AALAI, GÜLŞANA; Ahmet Cemal ErtürkIn the light of Central Asia's geopolitical situation, this paper examines Kyrgyz- Turkish political and military cooperation. Its goal is to learn more about the challenges and opportunities that the two countries' bilateral relations present. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from 1991 to 2021. The time frame of this work allows one to fully trace the dynamics of changes in political and military processes in Central Asia, to explore the evolution of the foreign policy strategies of Turkey in Kyrgyzstan. The study has revealed that Kyrgyzstan continues to be a zone of competition in the implementation of the regional foreign policy aspirations of Russia and Turkey. Therefore, the process of interaction requires the development of a flexible and variable policy. The regional powers have different interests in Kyrgyzstan, so their activities in this country are not only in the nature of cooperation in security issues, but also rivalry in cultural and educational policies. The Turkish authorities are trying to optimize the policy aimed at developing further integration with the Central Asian republics, including Kyrgyzstan, both on a multilateral platform and on a bilateral basis.Item Open Access The Contribution of IHH's Humanitarian Activities in the South and Southeast Asia to Turkiye's Foreign Policy(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) REEZA, AQMAL AHSAN MOHAMED; Hazal Papuççular KutluThis thesis claims that International non-governmental organizations can play a major role in having an impact in the foreign relationship of the States concerned, by having IHH's example over the state of Turkiye. NGOs began to gain high prominence in the dynamic world order that evolved especially after the end of Cold War in the late nineties. Although they don't possess powers like military power those of the states nor economic power those of the multinational companies, NGOs are powerful and influential themselves in their nature; with their uniquely developed strategies that help them to gain access to all the places and reach all kinds of communities around the world without having to resist nor resort to the use of force. These characteristics make them have an impact over the international relationship of the states. This thesis is prepared by using the sources from the field work of IHH, by genuine examples of how it has acted not only as an aid provider but also as humanitarian advocate at times and how its actions have influenced the improvement of foreign relationship of the state of Turkiye thus paving way to the finding of their positive impact over the image and soft power of the Country.Item Open Access High Policy Analysis From the Copenhagen School Perspective : The Securitization of the Post-Cold War Climate Crisis(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) GEZER, SELEN; İbrahim Mensur AkgünThe groundbreaking discovery in 1896 by renowned chemist Svante Arrhenius, which established a link between greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric changes, marked a significant turning point in research on the human-induced origins of the climate crisis. A century later, as the effects of the Cold War began to shape international relations, the Climate Crisis transitioned from being perceived as a low-policy issue to a high policy priority. Advancements in technology and scientific studies led to a collective agreement among experts, with the United Nations taking the lead in addressing these challenges. Since the 1990s, the climate crisis has evolved into not only an environmental problem but also a global social and ecological crisis that necessitates a reevaluation of global political and economic systems. Addressing the causes and consequences of the climate crisis requires a global perspective and a security-oriented approach. Greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to the greenhouse effect, are a worldwide phenomenon and thus constitute a global problem, albeit with significant regional variations that need to be understood. This research examines the link between the climate crisis and security through a multidisciplinary approach, investigating the causes of framing climate issues as urgent security concerns.Item Open Access Iraq in the Triangle of the Unipolar International System, Terrorism, and Iranian Influence(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) NORI, SOFIAN SABAH; İbrahim Mensur AkgünThis thesis explores the motives and ramifications of the American invasion of Iraq. This thesis seeks to answer the research question, "What are the consequences of the American invasion of Iraq after 2003 on Baghdad and Washington?" Specifically, this study will shed light on the question of to what extent this invasion's decision has been affected by the American purpose of spreading democracy and fighting terrorism as Washington promised or if the U.S. removed Saddam Hussein's regime to emphasize the status quo of the unipolar international system after the Cold War. This study investigates the different elements that have played a significant role in shaping the decision of the invasion and the course after that.Item Open Access Challenges and Responses in Tunisian Activism a Study of Tunisian Social Movements in the Post Revolutionary Period(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) ZOUAOUI, SARRA; Nazlı Çağın Bilgili; Ahmet Cemal ErtürkThis thesis analyzes the development of Tunisian activism in the post the 2011 period, focusing on the challenges facing social movements in the country. This study examines the history of Tunisian activism from colonial rule to the present day, with a particular emphasis on the post-revolution period. Drawing on existing literature and theory, the study identifies the emergence of new forms of digital activism and transnational networks and the fragmentation of social movements into multiple competing organizations as key features of post-revolutionary Tunisian activism. Building on this analysis, the study develops a specific hypothesis that the Tunisian state's response to post-revolutionary Tunisian activism, including co-optation and repression, has created significant challenges for social movements in sustaining mobilization and achieving substantive social and political change. This hypothesis is tested by examining the state's response to activist mobilization, including its use of media and surveillance, as well as analyzing the challenges faced by social movements, such as generational divides and the difficulties of coordinating across organizations. The study concludes by reflecting on the implications of these findings for the future of Tunisian activism and the broader implications for social movements in the Middle East and North Africa. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities of post-revolutionary politics in Tunisia and the challenges activists face to build a more just and democratic society.Item Open Access Natural Gas Policies of Türkiye: Relations with the EU and Israel(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023) ALGHARIB, MOHAMMED M. M.; Çağla Gül YeseviTürkiye had an increasingly important role for many years as a transit state for oil and, recently, for natural gas. Massive amounts of fossil fuels pass through Türkiye from Eurasia, Russia, and The Middle East through major pipelines and different ways, which put Türkiye in a significant position to affect and be affected by the international energy map. Understanding the links between Turkish natural gas policies and the leading players in the international energy arena seems to be an endless process. This process appears to be challenging because of the complications of the inputs and the various components -either for the Turkish domestic natural gas profile itself or for the regional difficulties-which are influenced by many agendas. This study aims to shed light on the natural gas politics of Türkiye based on the fact that states face potential challenges when making their economic and political decisions based on their strategic interests, especially its natural gas position and natural gas security. This study aims to answer the questions: "What motivates Türkiye's natural gas policies?" and "How do Türkiye's foreign policy and Türkiye's natural gas policies affect and integrate each other?" by discussing how the change in priorities of Türkiye's natural gas politics redesigned based on the successive events in the region and Türkiye's internal affairs since the beginning of the JDP party's rule. This study analyzes the theoretical backgrounds of these issues by using neorealism theory. Additionally, the study suggests that Türkiye's natural gas policies depend on its situation as an important transit state and its needs as a consumption state. Thus, Türkiye's natural gas policies are integrated with its foreign policies and put weight on them to increase the possibility to adopt and establish more active relations with Israel and the EU to earn more relative gains.