Iranian Foreign Policy Towards the Syrian Crisis: (2011-2021)

Abstract

Iran was the first supporter of the Syrian regime and interfered with the Syrian crisis with all its military, security, economic, political, and social weight in Syrian civil war which erupted in march 2011. The depth of its intervention differed from all the countries involved in the Syrian crisis. Syria is critical for Iran within Iranian national security, Shiite geopolitics, regional isolation, and shared threat perceptions. A state of singularity characterizes the Iranian-Syrian relationship and crystallizes as an inevitable fateful relationship, either winning or losing together. Iran consolidated its influence and continues to penetrate the state's institutions in terms of military, security, economic, and social. The (social engineering) and demographic change is a unique case that distinguished Iran from all foreign powers that intervened in Syria, and it severely impacted the unity of Syrian soil.