Publication: Hekimin tıbbi müdahalede bulunma yükümlülüğünün sınırları
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Date
2019
Authors
Güney Tunalı, Fatma Işıl
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Özel Hukuk Anabilim Dalı / Özel Hukuk Bilim Dalı
Abstract
Tıbbın başlıca amacı ve dolayısıyla hekimlerin de öncelikli görevi, insan yaşamının ve sağlığının korunmasını ve iyileştirilmesini sağlamaktır. Hekimler mesleklerini hasta üzerinde tıbbi müdahaleler gerçekleştirme yoluyla icra ederler. Tıbbi müdahale, genel hatlarıyla, bir hastalığı, anormalliği ya da eksikliği önlemek, ortadan kaldırmak ya da olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmek için, en basit tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinden en ağır cerrahi müdahalelere kadar uzanan her türlü faaliyet olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hekim hasta arası ilişkilere binlerce yıldır hakim olan modelde hastanın yaşamı ve sağlığı, hekimler tarafından korunması gereken en üstün değer olarak görülmüş ve tüm mesleki çabalar bunun sağlanmasına yönelmiştir. Yirminci yüzyılda yaşanan bilimsel ve teknolojik ilerlemelerin etkisiyle yeni yöntemlerin tıp uygulamasına girmesi, iletişimde yaşanan devrimsel nitelikteki değişimler, hasta hakları kavramının ortaya çıkışı ve gelişmesi, hastanın iradesinin, yaşam ve sağlığının da önüne geçecek şekilde kazandığı önem ve bunun gibi unsurlar, tıbbi müdahale süreçleri üzerinde de doğrudan ya da dolaylı etkiler oluşturmuş, hekimlerin, hastaya müdahalede bulunmadan önce, tıp bilimi ve mesleğinin kalıplaşmış kurallarının ötesinde pek çok ilave hususu göz önünde tutmalarını zorunlu kılmıştır. Hekimlerin tıbbi müdahalede bulunma yükümlülüğünün sınırlarını gözden geçirme ve öne çıkan bazı tartışmalı noktalara çözüm önerme amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmamızda ilk olarak tıbbi müdahale kavramı ve hekim ile hasta arasındaki ilişki çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Ardından hukuka uygun tıbbi müdahalenin koşulları gözden geçirilmiş; öncelikle genel nitelikli hukuka uygunluk nedeni olarak rıza ve rızanın aranmadığı istisnai durumları takiben, tıbbi müdahalelerin hukuka uygunluğu için aranan diğer unsurlar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise hekimin tıbbi müdahalesine sınırlama getiren ve müdahaleden kaçınmasına yol açabilen durumlar, hasta kaynaklı sınırlamalar, kanundan kaynaklanan sınırlamalar, tıbbi durumdan kaynaklanan sınırlamalar ve hekim kaynaklı sınırlamalar şeklinde ayrılarak irdelenmiş, uygulamada önemli sorun teşkil eden noktalara dikkat çekilerek, hem bu sorunsallar özelinde hem de genel olarak bazı öneriler getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
he primary purpose of medicine and therefore the priority of physicians is to protect and improve human life and health. Physicians practise their profession by performing medical treatments on the patient. Medical treatment is generally defined as any activity ranging from the simplest diagnostic and therapeutic methods to the most severe surgical procedures to prevent, eliminate, or minimize the negative effects of a disease, abnormality or deficiency. In the model that dominated physician-to-patient relationship for thousands of years, the life and health of the patient were considered to be the highest value which should be protected by physicians and all professional efforts were directed towards ensuring this. In the twentieth century, new methods as a result of scientific and technological advances, revolutionary changes in communication, emergence and development of patient rights and the importance of patient's will, causing direct and indirect impacts on medical processes, forced the physician to consider many other factors in addition to the stereotyped rules of medical science and profession before treating a patient. In our study, which was conducted in order to review the limits of the obligation of physicians for medical treatment and to propose solutions to some prominent controversies; firstly, the concept of medical treatment and the relationship between the physician and the patient were examined in various aspects. Then, the conditions of lawful medical treatment were reviewed; first of all, consent as a cause of legal conformity and the exceptions which are not sought for consent and then the other factors sought for the lawfulness of medical treatment. In the last part of the study, the situations limiting the medical treatment of the physician and leading to the avoidance of the treatment are examined in categories such as limitations arising from the patient, from the law, from medical conditions and limitations due to the physician. We pointed at controversial issues and made suggestions both for specific and general problems.
he primary purpose of medicine and therefore the priority of physicians is to protect and improve human life and health. Physicians practise their profession by performing medical treatments on the patient. Medical treatment is generally defined as any activity ranging from the simplest diagnostic and therapeutic methods to the most severe surgical procedures to prevent, eliminate, or minimize the negative effects of a disease, abnormality or deficiency. In the model that dominated physician-to-patient relationship for thousands of years, the life and health of the patient were considered to be the highest value which should be protected by physicians and all professional efforts were directed towards ensuring this. In the twentieth century, new methods as a result of scientific and technological advances, revolutionary changes in communication, emergence and development of patient rights and the importance of patient's will, causing direct and indirect impacts on medical processes, forced the physician to consider many other factors in addition to the stereotyped rules of medical science and profession before treating a patient. In our study, which was conducted in order to review the limits of the obligation of physicians for medical treatment and to propose solutions to some prominent controversies; firstly, the concept of medical treatment and the relationship between the physician and the patient were examined in various aspects. Then, the conditions of lawful medical treatment were reviewed; first of all, consent as a cause of legal conformity and the exceptions which are not sought for consent and then the other factors sought for the lawfulness of medical treatment. In the last part of the study, the situations limiting the medical treatment of the physician and leading to the avoidance of the treatment are examined in categories such as limitations arising from the patient, from the law, from medical conditions and limitations due to the physician. We pointed at controversial issues and made suggestions both for specific and general problems.
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Keywords
Hukuk, Law