İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü / Department of Civil Engineering
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11413/6820
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Browsing İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü / Department of Civil Engineering by Type "Article"
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Publication A Bayesian Deep Neural Network Approach to Seven-Point Thermal Sensation Perception(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) ÇAKIR, MUSTAFA; AKBULUT, AKHANTo create and maintain comfortable indoor environments, predicting occupant thermal sensation is an important goal for architects, engineers, and facility managers. The link between thermal comfort, productivity, and health is common knowledge, and researchers have developed many state-of-the-art thermal-sensation models from dozens of research projects over the last 50 years. In addition to these, the use of intelligent data-analysis techniques, such as black-box artificial neural networks (ANNs), is receiving research attention with the aim of designing building thermal-behavior models from collected data. With the convergence of the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI), smart buildings now protect us and keep us comfortable while saving energy and cutting emissions. These types of smart buildings play a vital role in building smart cities of the future. The aim of this study is to help facility managers predict the thermal sensation of the occupants under the given circumstances. To achieve this, we applied a data-driven approach to predict the thermal sensation of occupants of an indoor environment using previously collected data. Our main contribution is to design and evaluate a deep neural network (DNN) for predicting thermal sensations with a high degree of accuracy regardless of building type, climate zone, or a building's heating and/or ventilation methods. We used the second version of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Global Thermal Comfort Database to train our model. The hyperparameter-tuning process of the proposed model is optimized using the Bayesian strategy and predicts the thermal sensation of occupants with 78% accuracy, which is much higher than the traditional predicted mean vote (PMV) model and the other shallow and deep networks compared.Publication A capacity curve model for confined clay brick infills(Springer, Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2016-03) Özkaynak, Hasan; Yüksel, Ercan; SÜRMELİ, MELİH; 40475; 175417; 154472Experimental studies have proven that clay brick infills, confined with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) in reinforced concrete (RC) frames, have some advantages in terms of stiffness, strength, energy dissipation capability and damage intensity. Owing to these advantages, existing infill walls in RC frames may be retrofitted with CFRP strips, especially in low-rise buildings in earthquake-prone areas. There is a gap in the literature concerning their behavior model, for use in structural analysis. A piecewise linear capacity curve model called "DUVAR'' is proposed here, which estimates the envelope of force-vs.-displacement hysteresis, depending on the data compiled from the literature and the completed experimental studies. A nonlinear shear spring element is utilized in the model to represent the bare and retrofitted infills. The ultimate shear strength and the corresponding displacement, the ratio of cracking stiffness to initial stiffness, the ratio of ultimate strength to cracking strength, and the ductility ratio are the five key parameters of the model. The model is validated against the experimental results of two sovereign studies. Finally, the model is employed in the performance evaluation of an existing three-story RC building to exemplify its straightforward application.Publication A Fuzzy Areal Assessment Approach for Potentially Contaminated Sites(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2000-04) Özdamar, Linet; Demirhan, Melek; Özpınar, Alper; KILANÇ, BURAKThis article describes a new fuzzy areal site assessment approach in the detection of contaminated zones within a site which is under environmental investigation. Conventional techniques utilized in this held are mostly interpolation based. These methods interpolate the contaminant concentration values at unobserved locations using observed values. Unlike these interpolation techniques, the motivation of the approach introduced here consists of partitioning a given site into smaller sections. Partitioning is carried out iteratively where subregions of interest are divided into further smaller regions. This re-partitioning scheme leads to a dynamic grouping of observations, since areas of differing sizes and boundaries contain different sets of samples. The potential of an area to contain contaminated zones is assessed by a fuzzy measure which converts the data values in that area into an aggregate grade normalized on [0, 1]. Thus, this approach does not assume concentration values at unobserved locations, rather, an areal potential is evaluated.Publication A novel of PEG-conjugated phthalocyanine and evaluation of its photocytotoxicity and antibacterial properties for photodynamic therapy(World Sci Publ Co Inc, 27 Warren St, Ste 401-402, Hackensack, Nj 07601 USA, 2018-01) Durmuş İşleyen, Naciye; Öztürk, Yetkin; Turanlı Yıldız, Burcu; Çakar, Zeynep Petek; Göksel Şahin, Meltem; Durmuş, Mahmut; Hepüzer Gürsel, Yeşim; Sesalan, Behice Şebnem; YİĞİT, CANAN USLAN; 114785; 34499; 10021; 238688; 33015; 202410A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine axially substituted with (PEG1000) chains (SiPc-PEG) was synthesized, and this novel phthalocyanine was characterized by H-1-NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. Elemental analysis data were beneficial for the evaluation of the chemical structure of the new compound. The total number of (O-CH2-CH2 units was calculated as 44 and the structure of the new PEG-conjugated silicon phthalocyanine was determined by the use of integral areas in H-1-NMR spectrum and the ratio of SiPc: PEG1000 was found as 1:2. The photophysical and photochemical properties were determined in both DMSO and aqueous solutions. In addition, the photocytotoxicity of the novel PEG-conjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine was also examined by testing against human cervical-carcinoma (HeLa) and hepato-carcinoma cells (HuH-7). The IC50 value for the SiPc-PEG compound was determined as 0.28 mu M for HeLa cells and 0.4 mu M for HuH-7 cells. These results imply that HeLa cells are apparently more responsive to photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment by SiPc-PEG than HuH-7 cells at low concentrations (up to 0.5 mu M) of the studied photosensitizer. Additionally, SiPc-PEG showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 48 h of incubation, the viabilities of E. coli cultures exposed to 1000 mu g/mL and 2500 mu g/mL SiPc-PEG concentration were reduced by about 90%, and the additional growth inhibitory effect of photoactivation was also observed clearly at these efficient concentrations. To conclude, the novel compound may have a high potential for photodynamic therapy.Publication A simulation-based optimization method for designing energy efficient buildings(Elsevier Science Sa, Po Box 564, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland, 2018-11-01) Özorhon, Beliz; YİĞİT, SADIK; 112332; 146533Buildings have a remarkable impact on the environment, therefore finding efficient design configurations satisfying conflicting criteria such as, economic and environmental performance has become an important task. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology to aid designers in satisfying the requirements of government regulations and green building certification programs, while optimizing the energy consumption and maintaining the thermal comfort. In this context, a software package combining a tailor-made thermal simulation software and Matlab Optimtool is developed to implement proposed methodology. The developed software package offers an effective method to perform large number of simulations to find optimal building configuration. The software package was tested on a reference building that represents a typical residential building in Turkey. The testing process is conducted on a five story building located in Istanbul and building information such as building size, location and occupation schedule were used within the developed software. Based on an extensive market search for building materials, cost functions for each parameter were developed as well as a database required for optimization process. A genetic algorithm optimization technique was utilized to minimize the objective function and find the optimal building configuration for the selected building. Development of a simulation-based optimization method fulfills the need for a tool that assists designers to find better design alternatives at the conceptual design stage. The software package requires least amount of data input for energy simulation process to improve usability. A tailor-made energy simulation module was developed to significantly reduce optimization time period. Besides, instead of coupling two separate software packages, performing the energy simulation and optimization processes on a single platform (MATLAB) reduces the time required to find optimal design and eliminates compatibility issues. Developing simulation-based optimization software on a single platform increased the flexibility and user-friendliness of the software. The effectiveness of the approach for finding optimal building configuration is demonstrated in the presented test cases. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Publication A variant of modal pushover analyses (VMPA) based on a non-incremental procedure(Springer, Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2015-11) Yüksel, Ercan; SÜRMELİ, MELİH; 175417; 154472A variant of modal pushover analysis (VMPA) is presented to evaluate the seismic performance of the structures. The suggested procedure is based on an iterative process in which secant stiffnesses are used both at the element level and in the modal response. VMPA diverges from the existing modal pushover analyses for the following reasons: (1) mode compatible adaptive forces are applied to the structure at each iteration step, (2) the application of the equal displacement rule in combination with secant stiffness based linearization in the spectral displacement (S-d)-spectral acceleration (S-a) relation eliminates the necessity to produce a modal capacity diagram for each mode. The displacement controlled algorithm determines the single ordinate of the modal capacity diagram corresponding to the target displacement demand for the nth mode (S-dn_p, S-an_p) by reducing elastic spectral acceleration (S-an_e) to converge to the plastic acceleration (S-an_p). A Matlab based computer program known as DOC3D-v2 is developed to implement the proposed procedure. To verify the success of the suggested procedure, 9- and 20-storey LA SAC buildings are analysed, and the resulting demands are compared with several existing procedures, such as the extended N2, MPA and MMPA, as well as nonlinear time history analyses performed for two different set of acceleration records. VMPA yields enhanced results in terms of storey drifts, especially for the 20-storey LA building, compared with the other methods. Although the storey displacements and drifts are largely consistent with nonlinear time history analysis results, conservative estimates are obtained for the storey shear forces.Publication Achieving Sustainable Construction Within Private Finance Initiative (Pfi) Road Projects in The Uk(Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, Sauletekio Al 11, Vilnius, Lt-10223, Lithuania, 2012-06) Dikmen, Seyyit Ümit; Akbıyıklı, Rıfat; Eaton, David; TR136069; TR141153The construction industry is facing the challenge of increasing demands of its sustainability performance. The construction and maintenance of the built environment has substantial impact on the sustainability of the environment. Meanwhile, public sector clients are increasingly asking for a sustainable approach in their specification and procurement decisions, sustainability is still seen as a novel concept within the construction industry in many parts of the world without a settled definition. The premise of this study is that the interaction between road projects realized by the private finance initiative and their delivery in the UK improve sustainability. The paper, based on the case study research, explains the sustainability implementation in two PFI road projects and demonstrates that the PFI mechanism facilitates sustainable implementation to a far greater extent than is achievable using traditional procurement methods.Publication Adsorptive removal kinetics of anionic dye onto chitosan films doped with graphene oxide: An in situ fluorescence monitoring(Taylor & Francis Inc, 530 Walnut Street, Ste 850, Philadelphia, Pa 19106 USA, 2018) Kahya, Nilay; Kaygusuz, Hakan; Akın Evingür, Gülşen; Erim, F. Bedia; BENER, SEMİRA; 223633; 152261; 51568The aqueous adsorption of a fluorescent dye (pyranine) onto crosslinked chitosan-graphene oxide composite films was studied. In situ fluorescence monitoring technique is introduced as easy and fast experimental technique to select optimal adsorbent conditions. The effect of ionic crosslinker on adsorption was studied with sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium citrate, and sodium sulfate, respectively. Among the crosslinkers, it was realized that sodium sulfate crosslinked films showed a greater adsorption rate for pyranine than the other two types of crosslinked films. Recently, graphene oxide is of interest as a filler compound for many biopolymer applications due to its favorable thermal, mechanical and surficial properties. In the present study, graphene oxide incorporation increased adsorption rate of the dye and the mechanical strength of ionically crosslinked chitosan films. The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent was explained by a kinetic model. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, swelling experiments and tensile testing method.Publication Altyapı Varlıkları Yönetimi: İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı Terminal Binası Vaka Çalışması(2017) Özorhon, Beliz; YİĞİT, SADIK; 112332Teknolojideki gelişmeler, yönetmelik değişiklikleri ve bütçe kısıtları altyapı sektörünün paydaşlarını altyapı yönetimi performanslarını arttırmaya zorlamaktadır. Altyapı yönetimi makul bir getiri sağlamayı, hizmet kalitesinin ve performansının artmasını ve güvenlik risklerinin azalmasını garantilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı; altyapı varlıklarının işletilmesi ve bakımının sağlanması için, etkin bir yöntem olan varlık yönetiminin tanıtılmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada varlık yönetiminin temel ilkeleri sunulmuş, uygulama alanları, faydaları ve zorlukları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, vaka çalışması olarak seçilen İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı terminal binasının varlık yönetimi sistemi incelenmiştir. Vaka çalışmasında varlık yönetimi sürecinin kurulum ve kullanımını da kapsayan farklı bileşenleri, sağladığı faydalar ve bu sürecin nasıl geliştirilebileceği saptanmıştır.Publication An adaptive modal pushover analysis procedure (VMPA-A) for buildings subjected to bi-directional ground motions(2018-11) Yüksel, Ercan; SÜRMELİ, MELİH; 175417; 154472A new modal pushover analysis procedure (VMPA-A) is developed and implemented in MATLAB code for three-dimensional buildings subjected to bidirectional ground motions. VMPA-A uses stepwise force patterns to represent changes in the dynamic characteristics because of the accumulated structural damages. The hybrid-spectrum concept is introduced to account for the bidirectional ground motion effects. Due to enactments of the equal displacement rule and the secant stiffness-based linearization process, nonlinear analysis is performed for specific displacement targets without stipulation of full modal capacity curves for each mode. Horizontal components of an earthquake record are considered simultaneously, and the consistency between the force and displacement vectors for each mode is provided. These are the main advantages of the proposed procedure against modal pushover analysis (MPA). An existing 21-story reinforced concrete building is analyzed to exemplify VMPA-A. The response parameters such as displacements, story drifts, internal forces, strains, etc. are discussed by comparing the results of VMPA-A with nonlinear time history analyses, which is accepted as the ‘‘exact solution’’. Though consistent demand estimations are obtained for story drifts, displacements and deformations, some conservative results are obtained for story shears.Publication An Artificial Neural Networks Model For The Estimation Of Formwork Labor(Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, Sauletekio Al 11, Vilnius, Lt-10223, Lithuania, 2011-09) Dikmen, Ümit; Sönmez, Murat; TR141153Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is a problem solving technique imitating the basic working principles of the human brain. The formwork labour cost constitutes an important part within the costs of the reinforced concrete frame buildings. This study suggests a method based on artificial neural networks developed for estimating the required man-hours for the formwork activity of such buildings. The introduced method has been verified in the study with reference to the test conducted involving two case studies. In all cases, the model produced results reasonably close to actual field measurements. The model is a simple and quick tool for the estimators and planners to aid them in their work.Publication Analysis and management of GNSS reference station data(Univ Osijek, Tech Fac, Trg Ivane Brlic-Mazuranic 2, Slavonski Brod, Hr-35000, Croatia, 2015-04) Gülal, Vahap Engin; Dindar, Ahmet Anıl; Akpınar, Burak; Tiryakioğlu, İbrahim; Aykut, Nedim Onur; Erdoğan, Hediye; 173884; 29079; 30016; 30943; 30274; 112200Global Navigation and Satellite System (GNSS) is used in a wide range of applications from low accuracy navigation to high accuracy point positioning. GNSS reference stations are required for using the GNSS applications effectively. GNSS reference stations at the Yildiz Technical University in IstanbulTurkey (YLDZ) and at the Afyon Kocatepe University in Afyon-Turkey (AFKU) were established within the scope of the research projects supported by their universities in 2013. In this study, quality control procedure, data process, analysis and management of YLDZ reference station data are explained. Besides, test results about the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning method of the reference station are given. The reference station YLDZ meets the International GNSS Service (IGS) standards based on the processing results. According to the RTK results, coordinates can be determined with 1,5 cm and better accuracy on the field by using YLDZ station.Publication Analysis of a Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) Soil Improvement Project(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2022) MERT, AHMET CAN; AREL, ERSİN; ÖNALP, AKINA settlement analysis has been carried out for several sectors of a rail station yard improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) in Istanbul, that exhibited prolonged consolidation beyond the predicted values in certain sectors of the treated zone. Final settlement and End of Primary (EOP) settlement times have been estimated theoretically as well as using the Asaoka graphical procedure. The compliance of settlement-time curves with in-situ measurements and Asaoka solution has been investigated. A geotechnical model was developed for finite element and three-dimensional consolidation analyses. The settlement curves obtained by varying horizontal-vertical permeability coefficient ratio (k(h)/k(v)) and in-situ measurements have been compared, and k(h)/k(v) values corresponding to 90% degree of consolidation has been computed for all sectors. The effect of drain spacing (S-drain) as well as drain length (L-drain) on the rate of consolidation have been evaluated for each sector, keeping the specified ratios constant. The times corresponding to 95% degree of consolidation (t(95)) have been calculated using the theoretical solution and compared to in-situ measurements. Calculated t(95)'s has also been compared to their estimated values by varying the spacing (S-drain) and the length (L-drain). Additionally, the required intervals of S-drain and L-drain have been obtained corresponding to the calculated t(95) times. The analyses suggest that the main reason for prolonged consolidation was the horizontal to vertical permeability coefficient ratio. According to the analysis results, PVD implementation was not efficient in clays having k(h)/k(v) of approximately unity. The main conclusion of this study was to discover the necessity for optimizing the variables in any such project. The efficacy of the works can be significantly enhanced if simultaneous evaluation of the parameters S-drain and L-drain and the permeability ratio k(h)/k(v) is carried out prior to field work. Otherwise, "accidents" may emerge as found out in this project.Publication Analysis of Seismic Sloshing Displacements in Rectangular Liquid Storage Tanks with SPH Method(2018) Güray, Ersan; Aksel, Murat; YAZICI, GÖKHAN; 140840; 135845; 291826In this study, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to model sloshing response of a rectangular tank subjected to horizontal earthquake base excitation. An experiment and a numerical study with ANSYS Fluent flow modeling software are performed to verify the outputs of the SPH model. The sloshing displacement profiles obtained from the SPH model closely matched the free surface displacements obtained from the experiment and the flow modeling software. The SPH model described in this study was highly efficient at capturing discontinuities and working with moving boundaries without having to re-mesh the model at each time step.Publication Analysis of the use of computational intelligence techniques for air-conditioning systems: A systematic mapping study(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND, 2019) Çakır, Mustafa; AKBULUT, AKHAN; ÖNEN, YUSUF HATAYIn our systematic mapping study, we examined 289 published works to determine which intelligent computing methods (e.g. Artificial Neural Networks, Machine Learning, and Fuzzy Logic) used by air-conditioning systems can provide energy savings and improve thermal comfort. Our goal was to identify which methods have been used most in research on the topic, which methods of data collection have been employed, and which areas of research have been empirical in nature. We observed the rules for literature reviews in identifying published works on databases (e.g. the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers database, the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library) and classified identified works by topic. After excluding works according to the predefined criteria, we reviewed selected works according to the research parameters motivating our study. Results reveal that energy savings is the most frequently examined topic and that intelligent computing methods can be used to provide better indoor environments for occupants, with energy savings of up to 50%. The most common intelligent method used has been artificial neural networks, while sensors have been the tools most used to collect data, followed by searches of databases of experiments, simulations, and surveys accessed to validate the accuracy of findings.Publication Anchorage of Reinforcement in High Strength Concrete Elements(1995) Yerlici, Vedat; Ersoy, Uğur; Özturan, Turan; Özden, Şevket; TÜRK, AHMET MURAT; 2366; 116137; 154077Publication Assessment of seismic behaviour and safety of a masonry heritage(Selçuk Üniv, Meram Tıp Fakultesi, 2019-12) TÜRK, AHMET MURATTurkey is a highly seismic country where numerous major earthquakes have devastated or damaged the existing historic structures owing to there is a large number of historical structures, mostly religious ones like mosques, and churches. The minarets are essential parts of mosques and there are many of these historic structures across the country which were built since Seljuq Empire started to rule the Anatolia and followed by Ottomans. As Turkey located in a highly active seismic zone, the possible damage of the minarets, the tallest part of the mosques, should be examined and the safety measures, in terms of seismic retrofit, should be considered. It is engineering communities' responsibility to satisfy the longevity of these existing heritages by the help of science and knowledge. To realize this objective, a case study is planned which addresses the problem of seismic capacity of a stone masonry minaret as a part of the architectural heritage in Istanbul, and a typical historical mosque is chosen. Mathematical model of the minaret is prepared in order to obtain possible deformation profile, lateral displacements, free vibration modes and most likely failure modes under seismic excitation by using response spectrum analysis. Most recent developments in the in-situ testing of structures and computational procedures for structural analysis have made reaching to the important results about the behaviour of the old masonry structures. The numerical results have shown that the greatest damage accumulated near the shoe region and the lower part of the shaft. The evaluation of these results is promising in terms of seismic safety of these heritages with minimized intervention on the structure without compromising the authentic view and function.Publication Assessment of Seismic Demand and Damping of a Reinforced Concrete Building After CFRP Jacketing of Columns(Techno-Press, 2022) KOÇAK, PINAR İNCİ; Göksu, Çağier; Töre, Erkan; Binbir, Ergun; Ateş, Ali Osman; İlki, AlperWhile the lateral confinement provided by an FRP jacket to a concrete column is passive in nature, confinement is activated when the concrete expands due to additional compression stresses or significant shear deformations. This characteristic of FRP jacketing theoretically leads to similar initial stiffness properties of FRP retrofitted buildings as the buildings without retrofit. In the current study, to validate this theoretical assumption, the initial stiffness characteristics, and thus, the potential seismic demands were investigated through forced vibration tests on two identical full-scale substandard reinforced concrete buildings with or without FRP retrofit. Power spectral density functions obtained using the acceleration response data captured through forced vibration tests were used to estimate the modal characteristics of these buildings. The test results clearly showed that the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the buildings are quite similar. Since the seismic demand is controlled by the fundamental vibration modes, it is confirmed using vibration-based full-scale tests that the seismic demands of RC buildings remain unchanged after CFRP jacketing of columns. Furthermore, the damping characteristics were also found similar for both structures.Publication Assessment of Slope Stability Problems in an Open Pit Quarry; an Example from Istanbul Cebeci Region, Turkey(Springer Int Publishing Ag, Gewerbestrasse 11, Cham, Ch-6330, Switzerland, 2015) Er, Selman; Yılmaz, Murat; Tuğrul, Atiye; Ertin, Altay; Tokgöz, Nuray; AREL, ERSİN; 111644; 8623; 176451; 136055Rock slope stability is one of the important problems for open pit quarrying. This paper presents an instability assessment for jointed sandstone cut slopes in Cebeci Region, Istanbul, Turkey. In the quarry site, Carboniferous sandstones including diabase dykes are cropped out and these rocks are produced as aggregate. For this study, firstly, field study involving detailed discontinuity surveys were performed. Then, kinematical analyses were carried out to determine the potential failures at the quarry. According to the results of kinematic analysis, planar and wedge types of failures are expected in different parts of quarry. Based on the field studies and stability analyses of the cut slopes, optimum slope geometry and necessary support measures are suggested.Publication Behavior and design of seam-welded stainless steel circular hollow section flexural members(ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA, 2007-12) Kıymaz, Güven; Coşkun, Erdal; Coşgun, C.; TR141170; TR141151In an experimental study, a series of tests was per-formed on seam-welded structural stainless steel circular hollow sections (CHS) subjected to bending. The test program included various cross section geometries of CHS that covered a range of structural responses. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element (FE) models (ABAQUS) were established and verified with the experimental results accounting for material nonlinearity and manufacturing distortions. Close agreement was achieved between the test and finite-element analysis results in terms of load-deformation response and ultimate strength. The test and finite-element strength results with additional FE results generated for CHS models not considered in the test are compared with the strengths predicted using the American, Australian. and European specifications for cold-formed stainless steel structures. In light of the experimental/numerical results and code recommendations, strength and cross section classification criteria for stainless steel circular hollow section members in bending were examined. The results showed that significant improvements are possible for cross section slenderness limits provided by the current specifications.