Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü / Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
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Browsing Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü / Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics by Type "Book chapter"
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Publication Aging-related diseases and autophagy(2016) Çoker Gürkan , Ajda; Palavan Unsal, Narcin; ARISAN, ELİF DAMLA; YERLİKAYA, PINAR OBAKANAutophagy is fundamental, evolutionary conserved physiological process at molecular level which targets long-lived cytosolic proteins and organelles to be recycled through lysosomal degradation. Diminished autophagic activity caused cellular stress in many organisms following aging, and inhibition of autophagy in model organisms causes degenerative changes and pathologic diseases observed with high incidence ratio generally in older ages. Consequently the delayed senescence or increased longevity in model organisms often stimulate autophagy, and autophagy inhibition compromises anti-aging effects. The cytoprotective function of autophagy is presented in various human diseases such as lung, liver, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, myopathies, cancer, stroke, infections and metabolic diseases which are found associated with autophagic targets. These pathologies are defined with their age-dependent characteristics, is not fully understood that how autophagy network regulates metabolism and may cause diseases in age-related manner. In this book chapter, we are going to discuss the autophagy and aging relationship in three different parts. In the first section autophagy and aging relationship is going to be presented through explaining responsible signalling network. The autophagy and age-related neurological disorders, genetic basis of age-dependent diseases and the functional role of autophagy is going to be discussed in the second and third part of the chapter.Publication Biotic Stress-Tolerant Plants Through Small Rna Technology(Elsevier, 2020) ÇELİK, ÖZGE; MERİÇ, SİNAN; AYAN, ALP; ATAK, ÇİMENWith an increasing population around the world, the rapid loss of agricultural fields shows us the urgent importance of finding solutions to develop agricultural productivity. Besides industrialization, several effectors such as abiotic and biotic factors cause losses in crop productivity. Biotic factors threaten production and transportation of products worldwide. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and oomycetes cause losses both pre- and postharvest. It is crucial to improve biotic stress-tolerant plants to overcome reduction in plant productivity. For many years, researchers focused on understanding plant defense mechanisms. Anatomical, physiological, and molecular adaptive mechanisms were investigated for several plant species. Besides the innate immunity mechanisms, including cross-talk, among the phytohormones to manage appropriate defense mechanisms against pathogens, new generation strategies in crop improvements are widely used in plant biotechnology. Although conventional breeding has importance in breeding new varieties, new technologies increase the possibility of success. Recently, new combinations of technologies have been proven effective to develop new cultivars. Small RNA technology is one of the developing crop improvement technologies relying on regulating specific genes together with their sequence identity. In this chapter, we focus on the small RNA technologies used in improvement of biotic stress-tolerant plants.Publication GMO analysis methods for food: From today to tomorrow(2017) Çakır, Özgür; Arı, Şule; MERİÇ, SİNANIn the last decades, the dynamic face of biotechnology increased the number of M plants and abled the production of more precise genetically modified organisms. Since the introduction of recently developed new breeding techniques, there has been on-going debate on food safely and on the regulation concern of new biotech crops. The presently used one-by-one approach for CMOs which has been commercialized and developed by mainly transforming the usage of a transgenic insert so far, is reorganized for legislation needs of these new organisms. Furthermore, the growing number of complexities of G MOs in the commercialization pipeline and the possibility of the presence of unauthorized CMOs in the food chain has led to a demand for new technologies and stratagies to detect CMOs. In order to provide readers with current viewpoints on this topic, this chapter focuses on the key points at present. These are developing biotech plants, analysis methods for food and feed in the light of new breeding technologies, and the unintended effects of genetic transformation. It will summarize the DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, the most widely accepted GMO detection method, which is classified into screening, gene-specific, construct specific, and transgenic event-specific methods according to the level of specificity. 'ubsequently, this chapter will elaborate the envisaged evolution of the GMO crops and the challenge for the detection methods of new biotech crops.Publication Heavy Metal Stress-Responsive Phyto-miRNAs(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) ÇELİK, ÖZGE; AYAN, ALP; MERİÇ, SİNAN; ATAK, ÇİMENHeavy metal stress is a leading abiotic stress factor in the twenty-first century as a reflection of industrial developments and extensive urbanization. Plants adopt several adaptation mechanisms to cope with deleterious effects of heavy metal stress. Biosynthesis of amino acids/organic acids, phytochelatins (PCs), metallothioneins (MTs), heat-shock proteins (HSPs), metal chelators, chaperons, ABC-type transporters, and CDF family metal transporters are among the heavy metal binding or transporting mechanisms in plants. This chapter emphasizes phyto-miRNAs related to these tolerance mechanism pathways. Moreover, transcription factors which are targeted by heavy metal-related phyto-miRNAs are also summarized under the effect of various heavy metals due to their intertwined regulatory mechanisms.