Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman Bölümü / Department of International Trade and Finance

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11413/6795

International Trade

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Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

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A Gravity Model: Maritime Transport Costs and Their Impact on Economy
(2019-10-04) Çalışkan, Nutren; 221061
Due to transportation expenses, trade costs still protects its importance because no matter how companies try, they cannot zeroize their transportation cost. Maritime transportation is the most effective mode to move large quantities of cargo over long distances.1 That is why maritime most preferred transportation mode in international trade. The Gravity Model is a popular model in international trade theory. It named after Newton's "law of gravity." This model says that, trade between countries can be explained by their GDP sizes and transportation costs which are varied by the geographical distance between them. Turkey carries out approximately 70% of its foreign trade using maritime transport. In 2017, Turkey major trading partner countries for exports were Germany, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Iraq and United States and for imports, they were China, Germany, Russian Federation, United States and Italy.2 Making use of these countries maritime transport costs, their GDP’s and their distances between each other, this study investigate the role of maritime freight costs and its effects on these countries economy by using gravity model.
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Are the Regulations in Force in Line with the Development of ICT?
(2019-11) Görkey, Selda; 40657
The share of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in economies has rapidly increased globally in the last decade. This rapid expansion has resulted in emergence of new indicators on the subject. Currently, there are numerous indicators from various aspects; however, some of those are incapable to represent the recent developments in the sector. Considering the most recent indicators on the subject, this study first aims at categorizing economies into groups depending on their ICT development level. Covering a cross-section of 139 economies in 2016, it uses cluster analysis as a methodology. The indicators used are; individuals using the internet, households with a computer, households with internet access at home, active mobile broadband subscriptions, and international internet bandwidth. Since the role of regulations and the legal environment is a crucial factor for ICT development, the study then focuses on ICT regulations in force in these economies by their level of existence. After that; it compares statistical findings, and the level of regulations in these economies. The purpose of such a comparison is to track and examine the consistency between ICT development levels and regulations in force, so that necessary policies can be proposed for further research.
Open Access
Bibliometric Analysis of Paternalistic Leadership
(Hacı Mustaf Paksoy, 2024) DEVECİYAN, MERİ TAKSİ
The study presents a bibliometric analysis of 520 publications found through a Web of Science database search to identify trends and developments in the academic literature on paternalistic leadership. It is also expected that the study will identify existing gaps in the “paternalistic leadership” literature, where the frequency of study tends to increase after 2018, and potential opportunities for future research. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the highest number of citations in the publications reached in the field of paternalistic leadership was in 2022, and the most frequently used keywords were “paternalistic leadership” and “authoritarian leadership”. In addition, it was determined that the country that conducted the most studies and had the highest citation score was Peoples R China. According to the findings of the analysis, it was concluded that Cheng Bs is the researcher with the highest number of publications and citations in this field. The study is expected to contribute by raising awareness for researchers who want to study leadership literature in the field of management.
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Bir Kutu Seç: Türkiye'de Dijital Abonelik İş Modelleri
(2019-10) Arıker, Çağla; 116171
Abonelik sistemi bilinen en eski iş modellerinden biridir. Yıllardır devam etmekte olan dergi, cep telefonu servis sağlayıcıları, spor salonları, TV platformları abonelik modelleri akla gelen ilk örnekler arasındadır. Günümüzde Spotify, Netflix, Storytell gibi dijital uygulamaların iş modellerini abonelik üzerine kurdukları görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede, iş modelini dijital kanalları kullanarak ve tamamen abonelik üzerine kurgulayan pek çok girişimin ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. İlk uygulamalar yaklaşık on sene önceye dayanmaktadır (Noorda, 2019:223). McKinsey’in 2018’de hazırlattığı rapora göre, dijital abonelik modelini kullanan perakendecilerin yaptıkları satışların değeri 2011 yılında yaklaşık 57 milyon dolarken, 2016 yılında yaklaşık 2.6 milyar dolara çıkmıştır (Chen vd., 2018: 1). Dijital abonelik modeli girişimlerinin ülkemizde de yaygınlaşmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Abonelik modelinde müşteriler dijital kanallarda abonelik hizmeti sunan işletmelere abone olmaktadır (Chabria, 2019: 3). Dijital abonelik iş modeli müşterilere düzenli aralıklarla belirli fiziksel ürünleri içeren paketlerin gönderilmesini içermektedir (Bischof vd., 2019: 1). Kitap, yiyecek, içeçecek, temizlik malzemeleri, kişisel bakım, bebek ve çocuk, moda, kozmetik gibi ürün kategorilerinin dijital abonelik uygulamalarına sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır. Dijital abonelik modellerinin temelde, sipariş yenileme ve küratör hizmetli kutu abonelikleri olarak iki sınıfa ayrıldığı görülmektedir (Rudolph vd., 2017:22; Chabria, 2019:3). Sipariş yenileme abonelikleri, aynı sipariş kutusunun otomatik olarak yenilenmesini içerirken; küratör hzimetli kutu abonelikleri, moda ürünleri gibi ürünlerin alanında uzman kişilerin kiiratörlüğüyle kişiye özel olarak oluşturulmasını ve sabit zaman aralıklarında müşterilere gönderilmesini içermektedir (Rudolph vd., 2017: 21; Chen vd., 2018: 4; Hangi Kutu, 2018: 4; Tao ve Xu, 2018: 495; Chabria, 2019: 3; Bischof vd., 2019:1). Çalışma kapsamında; dijital abonelik modeli türlerini incelemek, Türkiye’de dijital abonelik modelini uygulayan girişimlerin durumunu özetlemek, tüketicilerin bu modeli nasıl algıladıklarını anlamaya yönelik olarak yapılacak keşfetme amaçlı nitel bir araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda geleceğe yönelik nicel araştırma önerileri geliştirmek ve yeni girişimcilere öneriler getirmek amaçlanmaktadır.
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Debt and Economic Growth Nexus in the US: Evidence from Asymmetric Casuality
(11. Uluslararası İstatistik Kongresi, 2019-10) GÜMÜŞOĞLU, NEBİLE KORUCU; 115505
The relationship between economic growth and debt has been studied for decades. This (casual) relationship can be different according to debt types, regions and countries. In this sense, the main motivation of this study is to find out if there is a casual relationship. Moreover, we aim to analyze the nonlinearity between economic growth and debt for the US. This asymmetric relationship is analyzed by vector error correction model. Preliminary results show that there is an asymmetric causality for debt and growth.
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Does ICT Industry Experience Jobless Growth? Empirical Evidence From OECD Economies
(2019-11) Görkey, Selda; 40657
The role o f Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry is of rising importance, as it highly contributes to technological accumulation, and hence economic growth in economies. Even though expansion o f any industry or economy is expected to generate employment; many studies confirm that, economic growth is not always capable o f creating employment opportunities. Examination o f this issue, i.e. jobless growth, specifically in the ICT industry is beneficial as it requires highly-skilled labor. This study aims to empirically explore how output growth is successful at creating employment, and tests the existence ofjobless growth in ICT industry in OECD economies for the 1999-2016 period. The study first distinguishes the reaction o f employment to output growth in ICT industry, total industry and the overall economy; and then tests the lagged effects on each aggregate. After that, it divides the time-period into two sub-periods: 1999-2007 and 2008-2016, to explore the impact o f the 2008 Global Economic Crisis. The findings indicate significant, positive, yet quite low employment elasticity coefficients for the ICT industry and the overall economy. The coefficients rise slightly, and the coefficient o f total industry becomes significant with time lags. The findings emphasize that the impact of output growth on employment is the lowest in the ICT industry, compared to those of others. 1 % output growth yields only 0.21% increase in employment without lagged effects, and it reaches only to 0.343% after three years in the relevant industry. The findings also show that, the impact of wages on ICT employment is significant, yet mostly positive, as opposed to the theory; and the impact o f ICT exports is statistically insignificant. These results clarify that; even though output growth generates some employment in the ICT industry, it is not at sufficient levels and it has worsened after the 2008 Crisis, as expected.
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Does Technology Intensity of Exports Affect Youth Neet? Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
(2018-11) Görkey, Selda; 40657
Exports decrease unemployment rate, and affect human capital accumulation by increasing educational attainment in an economy. However, the magnitude of such impact depends on technology intensity of exports. In addition to this, an increase in educational attainment does not guarantee transition of youth from schoo 1-to-work. In this context, investigating the impact of exports by their technology intensity on youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) is necessary for the analysis of trade and labor market interactions. The prospected contribution of this research is that it empirically explores the impact of low, medium and high technology exports on youth NEET by seeking an answer to the following research question: Does technology intensity of exports affect youth NEET? The study uses panel data analysis for 22 OECD countries, and it analyzes the time period from 1995 to 2015. The response variable of the model is the percentage of NEET population, and the independent variables are exports of low, medium and high technology exports. In order to control for country specific factors, the model also include control variables of GDP, population, schooling and the social policies towards unemployment.
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Emerging Private Education in Turkey : Determinants of Social Choice Via Houshold's Characteristics
(2019-05) Yanık İlhan, Bengi; GÜMÜŞOĞLU, NEBİLE KORUCU; 15505
Human capital is one of the crucial factors for growth and development. From this point of view, having equal educational opportunities should be ensured by governments. However, in most of the developing countries like Turkey, having equal educational opportunities seems as a phantasy. In this manner, the main aim of this study is to try to find out the determinants of school choices in Turkey and secondly to analyze if there are any gender differences or not. This choice is probably related to household’s choice, it is not a child’s choice. We use the youth survey conducted in Turkey in 2011 for 2366 youth in 35 selected provinces. The descriptive statistics of the sample is also presented to see the main picture of Turkey. Controlling the household characteristics such as father’s labor market situation, education, household’s income, household’s religious values, living areas and region, our first findings shows that for the case of males household income does not have an impact on being in a private education. However, it does have a significant effect for females. Interestingly, most of the regions do not have an impact on being in a private school. However, being in Aegean region does have a negative effect on being in a private school for males. Generally, for boys, it can be said that private school choice does not depend controlled variables. It means that households prefer sending their boys to private schools whatever their situation and whatever their characteristics. On the other hand, for girls there are many factors that can affect on choosing private schools.
Open Access
How do informal social networks impact on labor earnings in Turkey?
(2019-07) Yanık İlhan, Bengi; Bayar, Ayşe Aylin; GÜMÜŞOĞLU, NEBİLE KORUCU
The informal social networks are one of the prominent factors in the labor market decisions both for the supply and demand side. Particularly, in developing countries, like Turkey, these informal networks have an influence on the labor market. However, even the existence of this issue, the impact of informal social networks has not been argued sufficiently for the Turkish case. In this respect, this study advances existing researches, by implementing the quantile regression method to reveal the impact of the informal social networks. The quantile regression analysis reveals the impacts of the different quantiles of wages. The Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS) is utilized for 2004-2016 period. The findings indicate that being recruited by social contacts has negative impact on wage levels and in consequence, aggregate productivity is decreased from low quality of labor force and the low return to the firm.
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Immersive Virtual Reality Games for Rehabilitation of Phantom Limb Pain
(2019-10-03) Güngör, Feray; Tarakçı, Ela; Çubuk, Abdurrahman; Aydın, Muhammed Ali; AKBULUT, AKHAN; 116056; 277179; 101760; 176402
Serious games mostly associated with rehabilitation systems with state-of-the-art virtual reality hardware and software products. This approach benefits from gamification that improves the participant’s engagement and makes cybertherapy sessions fun and interactive. This paper describes four different serious games for the rehabilitation of phantom limb pain (PLP) syndrome. Each immersive virtual reality game is designed to overcome the negative effects of PLP for different amputation regions including below-elbow, above-elbow, below-knee and above knee. We aimed to propose a low-cost, effective rehabilitation system that can be used at home instead of hospital-oriented physiotherapy routine. We used the Kinect sensor, a wearable surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor, and the Oculus Rift virtual reality headset to provide a longer therapeutic interaction between the patient and the cyber-therapy environment. Alpha test results of a pilot study with unimpaired healthy participants reveal the proposed system works practically in the home environment.
Open Access
The Impact of Green Business Ethics and Green Financing on Sustainable Business Performance of Industries in Türkiye: The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility
(MDPI, 2024) Alay, Hazal Koray; Keskin, Abdulkadir; Şen, Gülaçtı; Kayalıdereden, Didem; Berber, Şayan; DEVECİYAN, MERİ TAKSİ
The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship between green business ethics, green finance, and sustainable business performance, and to evaluate the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in this relationship. The impact of the damage inflicted on nature's functioning order is being felt much more strongly today. In light of these realities, companies must emphasize sustainability principles not just out of financial concerns but as a result of corporate social responsibility. In this context, focusing on the role of corporate social responsibility in sustainable business performance is the main goal of this research. Quantitative research methods, specifically the cross-sectional survey method, were employed for data collection and analysis. For this purpose, a convenience sampling method was used to select 427 white-collar employees working in industries operating in T & uuml;rkiye as the sample for this study. The data collected through surveys were analyzed using the AMOS 24 statistical program. The findings underscore that green business ethics and green finance have a significant impact on corporate social responsibility and sustainable business performance. Additionally, it was determined that corporate social responsibility plays an intermediary role in shaping sustainable business performance. These findings are expected to provide an important foundation that can guide both employees and managers in developing awareness about green policies and sustainability, emphasizing the importance of green policies in working life.
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Liman Özelleştirmelerinin Denizyolu Ticaretine Etkileri
(2018-11) Çalışkan, Nurten; 221061
Denizyolu taşımacılığının sahip olduğu kapasite ve maliyet avantajları sayesinde dış ticarette en çok kullanılan taşıma türüdür. Dünya ticaretinin yaklaşık %90’ı, ülkemiz dış ticaretinin ise yaklaşık %86’sı denizyolu ile yapılmaktadır. Denizden karaya, karadan denize geçişi sağlayan limanlar denizyolu taşımacılığının en önemli bileşenlerindendir. Sahip oldukları bu önem sebebiyle limanların özelleştirmeleri hem ekonomik hem de siyasi birçok tartışmanın kaynağı olmuştur. Ülke limanlarının efektif çalışması ülke dış ticaretini olumlu etkilediğinden limanların özelleştirilmesi denizyolu taşımacılığını, dolayısıyla da ülke dış ticaretini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, limanlarda yapılan toplam elleçleme (konteyner) ve dış ticaret verileri (ihracat/ithalat) kullanılarak 1994’ten günümüze yapılan liman özelleştirmelerinin denizyolu ticaretine etkilerinin ölçülmesidir.
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Long-Term changes in hot and cold extremes in Turkey
(2018) Acar, Zahide; Gönencgil, Barbaros; GÜMÜŞOĞLU, NEBİLE KORUCU
Extreme weathers are the leading cause of weather-related disasters all over the world. Many people lose their lives each year due to the triggering effect of cold or hot weather. The extreme days are generally defined as a period of several days of abnormally cold or hot weather. Increased frequency of these days could lead to death and disasters. This study analyzes the variability of minimum and maximum temperature defined anomalous temperature events. Daily minimum and maximum air temperature data from 156 weather stations in Turkey are analyzed to determine percentile threshold values (99th, 95th and 1st, 5th) at each station. Two statistical tests are applied to analyze trend in extreme values, namely Mann-Kendall trend analysis and cluster analysis. The Mann-.Kendall analysis demonstrates an increase in frequency of hot and extremely hot days, whereas cold and extremely cold days show a decreasing trend in Turkey. The extreme cold days have been the highest of the year 1972, 1983, 1992 and 1993, respectively. After 2005, extreme cold days begin to decrease. The frequency of extreme hot day has increased since 2000. Especially in 2010, it has been the warmest year in Turkey from the records of the stations during the study period.
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Öğretim Üyelerinin Girişimci Üniversite Algıları
(2019-10) Toksoy, Andaç; 107396
Girişimcilik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve küresel kalkınmanın en önemli kriteri kabul edilmektedir. Günümüzde bu kavramın daha yaygın hale gelmesi için girişimcilik eğitimine gerekli önem ve özen verilmelidir. Dolayısıyla girişimcilik bilgisine, becerisine ve yeteneğine sahip gençler yetiştirmek hem üniversiteler açısından hem de toplumsal açıdan yapılabilecek en önemli işlevlerden birisi haline gelmiştir. Üniversiteler, ürettikleri bilgiyi gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte yeni girişimlere kaynak olacak şekilde kullanmalıdırlar. Bu bağlamda üniversitelerin sahip oldukları olanakları girişimcilik destek programları ile gençlere ve topluma katkı sağalayacak şekilde kullanmaları beklenmektedir. Girişimci üniversite kavramı ile üniversiteler ve sanayi arasında işbirliğini destekleyecek faaliyetlerin arttırılması, bilgi ile ekonomiye katkıda bulunulması, istihdam yaratılması ve rekabet ortamının oluşmasının sağlanması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren bir üniversitede görev yapan öğretim üyelerinin görüşleri anket yardımı ile toplanarak değerlendirilecektir.
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Policies Towards Reducing In Work Poverty: An Evaluation on Turkey
(2019-03) Görkey, Selda; 40657
The interaction between work and poverty has been examined for many years by emphasizing the necessity of being employed as a way out of poverty. However, the experiences of the last decades clearly show that it is not sufficient only to find a job to avoid poverty. Today, many people are classified as poor, even though they are currently working. This issue, called as in work poverty, combines poverty and labor market together, and it is analyzed within the context of inequality in many countries. However, the problem is crucial particularly in developing and emerging countries. As an EU candidate emerging country, Turkey had 13.5% of in work poverty rate in 2016; whereas it was 9.6% in EU-28, according to Eurostat. These rates clarify that in work poverty is a crucial issue in Turkey. Despite its significance, the literature is not rich in studies that focus on the issue for Turkey. İnan attempt to contribute to the literature, this study explains the concept of in work poverty and how it results in inequality in an economy. After that, it points out necessary policies that can be used to reduce in work poverty. The ultimate aim of this study is to examine relevant policies in Turkey, and make an evaluation on the success of these policies. The findings of the research indicate that, the policies in Turkey do not focus solely on in work poverty, instead the problem is generally addressed within the context of poverty, labor market or social policy issues. As a natural consequence of this situation, the issue remains as a crucial problem for both the economy and the society. Thus, this study's another contribution lies in its effort to point out the importance of recognizing the issue specifically for working poor, and then to offer various policies to alleviate in work poverty in Turkey.
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Sermaye Akımlarına Yönelik Ekonomi Politikaları ve Oyun Teorisi Uygulaması
(2018-11) Yüksel, Şerif; Turgan, Erdem; 260366; 173515
Bu çalışma sermaye akımlarına yönelik ülkelerin ortak strateji ve ekonomi politika yürütmelerinin geçerliliğini araştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Ortak fayda doğrultusunda hareket etmenin özellikle kırılgan ekonomiye sahip ülkeler için yabancı sermaye akımlarının ani giriş ve çıkış hareketlerini olan etkisi ve yabancı sermayenin buna tepkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak oyun teorisi kullanılmıştır. Karma Strateji ve toplamı sıfır olmayan oyun kurulmuştur. Değişkenler olarak Faiz, Enflasyon ve Büyüme verileri oyuna dahil edilmiştir. Oyun “Kırılgan Beşli” olarak isimlendirilen Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye arasında oynanmıştır. Yatırımcı oyunda seçilen ülkeler arasında sermayesinin yönüne karar vermesi hususunda serbest bırakılmıştır. Oyun cebirsel yöntem ile çözülmüş ve ulaşılan kat sayının sermaye hareketleri karşısındaki etkinliği araştırılmıştır.Oyun sonucunda ülkeler ortak strateji ve ekonomi politikaları izlediklerinde sermayenin hareketleri ile oyun sonucunda bulunan kat sayı arasında eş anlı hareketler gözlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda oyun geleceği tahmin etme hususunda başarısız kalacağı düşünülmüştür. Oyun teorisi uygulaması ülkeler arasında daha çok değişken ve varsayım altında oynanması koşulunda oyunun ortak politika üretmede başarılı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Open Access
Sustainable Turkish SMEs: Achallenges and Opportunities in Adopting Green Competitive Strategies
(Editorial Primmate, 2024) BATAKLAR, SİNAN; DEVECİYAN, MERİ TAKSİ
This study investigates the necessity for Turkish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to develop green competitive advantages and the challenges they face in this process. It examines how SMEs adopt and implement green competition strategies in light of proactive and reactive environmental strategies. The research was conducted using a case study approach, with data collected through interviews and observations with six SMEs from various sectors in T & uuml;rkiye. The findings reveal that while most SMEs are willing to adopt green competition strategies, they face difficulties such as lack of financial and technical resources, integrating green strategies into their core business, and complying with local and global legislation. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, academics, and practitioners interested in promoting sustainable practices among SMEs.
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Uluslararası denizyolu taşımacılığının Türkiye dış ticaretine etkisinin analizi Ve diğer taşıma modlarıyla rekabeti
(2019-11) Çalışkan, Nurten; 221061
Çalışmada Türkiye, Almanya ve ispanya'ya ait her bir ülke için ihracat ve ithalat verilerinden elde edilen cari işlemler dengesi, limanlarda gerçekleşen elleçleme miktarları, dış ticaretin gerçekleşmesi için kaçınılmaz olarak kullanılan döviz kuru, tüm teknolojik gelişmelere rağmen halen emek yoğun bir sektör olan denizyolu taşımacılığı için üç ülkeye ait iş gücü verileri, ekonomi üzerinde önemli etkileri bulunan enflasyon oranları ve son olarak ekonomik büyümenin ay bazında incelenmesine olanak veren sanayi üretim endeksi verileri; panel ülkeleri arasındaki meydana gelebilecek beklenmedik şokların dış ticaret ilişkileri üzerinde ne derece etkili olabileceği ve uzun dönemde bu ülkelerin beklenmedik şoklara karşılık ulaştırma politikası düzenlemelerinin öneminin ortaya konulması amaçlamaktadır.

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