İktisat Bölümü / Department of Economics

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11413/6792

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Open Access
Age, technology adoption, and the agricultural productivity in the era of Agriculture 4.0
(2020) Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve; Öztürkler, Harun; 315872
Agriculture 4.0 is a current agenda for both developed and developing countries as its benefits to increase the agricultural productivity are inevitable. The need to feed the world has been become an important issue in the global scene and the world must increase the food production more than 70% by 2050 (De Clerck et al., 2018). Therefore, food security is now considered as a part of national security. It is also noteworthy to mention that the negative impact of climate change on agriculture is under debate; first, severe reduction in agricultural productivity due to temperature increases, heat waves, droughts, unusual climate conditions may occur in near future. Second, natural resources have been becoming more scarce than ever due to climate change, therefore conventional usage of water, soil can be stressed as agricultural inputs. Thirdly, the conventional agriculture has been criticized to pollute the environment due to use of chemical substances and contributing to Greenhouse Gas releases (in animal husbandry); new developments in production must be integrated to sustain the reduction in pollution. To overcome these negative impacts of climate change on agriculture and increase productivity, Agriculture 4.0 offers solution while applying digitalization in the production process. As is well known, neoclassical approach to production function takes capital, labour, natural resources, and entrepreneurs as the factors of production. In addition to debates regarding quality of factors not being taken into account and technology as being an exogenous factor, demographic characteristics of entrepreneur are also missing in the related literature. However, there is a long debate on the effect of farmer’s age on the productivity in the agricultural production processes through several channels such as physical capital investment decisions and attitude towards innovations in agricultural technologies. It is argued that aging of the formers leads to a significant decline in the productivity because as farmers get older they become more conservative, lose their physical capacity, and become more reluctant to the application of new technologies (Tauer, 1984, 1995; Corner-Thomas, 2015). Moreover, studies show that younger farmers can highly contribute to economic performance and sustainability (Zagata and Sutherland, 2015; Brennan et al., 2016). Since Agriculture 4.0 is the future of feeding the world and agricultural sector, and young farmers show higher capabilities in the adoption of new technologies this study aims to show the impact of age in technology adoption and agricultural productivity. Therefore, we utilize an extended version of the Cobb Douglas Production Function. Along with physical capital and labour, we add farmer as the entrepreneur weighted with an age factor. Furthermore, in different versions of the production function we incorporate several other variables such as usage of fertilizers, agricultural subsidies, and expenditure on research and development in order to control the effects of these factors. In the second stage, on the basis of theoretical and empirical constructs we drive an estimable regression function from the extended production function. Incorporating the countries and time period for which data is available we set up a panel data model. By doing so, we investigate the effect of aging on agricultural productivity and examine country specific and time specific deviations. Empirical findings are expected to provide policy implications and suggestions for future agricultural policy design.
Open Access
An Environmental Perspective On The Organic Food Market In Turkey
(2020) Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve; Öztürk Göktuna, Bilge; 315872; 39638
Alternative systems to the conventional agricultural system have been sought to solve problems such as environmental pollution, reduction and degradation of domestic seed species, soil erosion, reduction of animal welfare. Organic agriculture and food market constitute one of the most important alternative systems to conventional agriculture. The purpose of our study is to look into the demand for organic food in Turkey from an environmental perspective in order to understand whether organic consumption is driven by environmental friendliness and consciousness. Socio-demographic factors, attitudes and habits and contextual factors regarding environment and food consumption are analyzed together with organic food consumption patterns in order to search for the relationship of environmental consciousness on the demand side. A consumer questionnaire including questions about attitudes and habits and contextual factors regarding environment and food consumption has been designed and conducted to 251 organic food consumers living in Istanbul. Our results show that frequent organic food consumers may properly differ organic food products from other products such as GMO containing and ionized food products, strongly believe that there is a difference between organic products that are produced in Turkey and abroad in terms of quality. They are anxious about the environmental degradation and concerned about scarcity of resources, but they do not have adequate knowledge on environmental issues and sustainability.
Open Access
Analysis of the relationship between education and youth unemployment: evidences from Turkey and Spain
(2021) Alçın, Kerim Sinan; Erdil Şahin, Begüm; Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve; 9467; 112240; 315872
Education has a vital role in improving youth employment. Increasing youth unemployment rates and the high share of the unemployed educated young population indicate that the labor market cannot create good job opportunities. This study analyzes the relationship between youth unemployment and education in countries with a high level of youth unemployment but having different characteristics: Turkey and Spain. The analysis was conducted using Johansen Cointegration tests. The results indicate no unidirectional causal relationship from enrollment in higher education towards youth unemployment rate in Turkey and Spain. Besides, it has been observed that the increase in the higher education schooling rate does not decrease youth unemployment. The results showing the relationship between youth unemployment and education will be crucial in designing policies to improve job markets for youth.
Open Access
Beyond Money: A Social Analysis of Happiness
(Beykoz Üniversitesi, 2022) HAMZAOĞLU, NAZİFE MERVE
As a main indicator of well-being, happiness-related studies have become an essential topic in the economics literature; the relationship between happiness and economic factors is frequently discussed. However, social well-being is not only related to economic factors such as income and employment but also social relations, status, health, and behavioral factors. In this study, I reveal social factors affecting the happiness level. Using the World Values Survey data (2017-2021), I analyzed the relationship with several social factors. The results indicate that health, security, commitment to religion, financial satisfaction, freedom of choice, having children, interests in politics, living in a secure and democratic environment, and supporting the increase of government ownership in the industry have positive and significant impacts on happiness. Moreover, the econometric model shows that young people and women tend to be happier, and marriage and income have positive and significant impacts on happiness. Also, happier people prefer TV as an information resource, but those who prefer the internet and social media to obtain information are less happy. Lastly, perceived corruption is negatively correlated with happiness.
Open Access
Digital Footprint Management: Digital Burial
(Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, 2023) Alay, Hazal Koray; MERİ TAKSİ, DEVECİYAN
This study aims to examine digital footprint management and digital footprint awareness and deals with this question by focusing on the concept of digital burial: What will happen to our digital data after death? Digital footprint management is a new term and has found a narrow area in the literature on management science. This study is an attempt to raise awareness of this concept. It employs the review of secondary sources as one of qualitative research methods. In addition, it examines various studies under the scope of secondary literature review and then they are subjected to word cloud analysis by taking their keywords to determine focal points of publications conducted in the field of digital footprint with the assistance of program MAXQDA 2022. According to its findings, the correct and effective use of digital footprints is a requirement of digital citizenship. The subject of digital burial, discussed in the context of digital footprint management is a fairly new concept in the literature and this situation is the most important limitation of this study. It expects to draw a theoretical framework for future research and to guide other academicians who wish to work in this field.
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Does Technology Bring Happiness? Evidence From Turkey
(2022) Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve; Yolusever, Aras; 315872; 283333
As the ultimate goal of life, happiness has remained the main focus in human history. Happiness economics has been recently one of the trending topics among researchers. As a main driver in the economic growth, technology is crucial in welfare level of economic agents. It is evident that daily life has been becoming more digitalized and technological advances directly and indirectly affect the life standards. In this sense, happiness of human being is also directly and indirectly affected by technological changes and they have an impact on life standards and daily routines. In this study, we aim to see the impact of technology on happiness in Turkey. Since there are few studies on this topic examining Turkey, we want to reveal the impact of technology on happiness level among Turkish citizens. To do so, we collected the data from World Values Survey (2017-2021) and analyzed the data collected from Turkey. Our results show that technological changes and scientific innovations do not have significant impacts on happiness in Turkey, but financial indicators do.
Open Access
Economic Consequences of Daylight-Saving Time: Evidence from Turkey
(Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, 2019) Akarsu, Gülsüm; GÜMÜŞOĞLU, NEBİLE KORUCU
For last years, it has been hot issue that transition to daylight saving time has some important consequences related to the electricity consumption, human health, performance, behavior and well-being of individuals. Since the cabinet decision in 2016, Turkey has been implementing the summertime throughout the whole year in order to save energy. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze the effects of this change on economic growth and labor productivity by employing quarterly data for the time period 2006:Q1 and 2018:Q1 for Turkey and Threshold AR model in order to incorporate the nonlinear behavior in considered time series. The results show significant effect of this policy change as well as nonlinear behavior in the time series due to continuous fluctuations in the data throughout time which can be classified into at least two regimes as recession and expansion. As a conclusion, the countries should evaluate the effects of daylight saving time (DST) on different indicators before any change in the implementation.
Open Access
The Experiences of New-Starters: Remote Working in The Post-COVID-19 Era
(Sosyoekonomi Derneği, 2023) Alay, Hazal Koray; MERİ TAKSİ, DEVECİYAN
This study aimed to understand the experiences of information technology sector employees who started their first job using remote working. A semi-structured interview, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. Twenty-four interviews were conducted to understand the effects of the advantages and disadvantages perceived by the employees regarding the remote working method on their life and career aspects. Two prominent and five sub-themes emerged in this research. The main themes regarding the perceptions of those who start their business life within the scope of remote work and the advantages/disadvantages of working remotely are the sub-themes: perceptions of their managers, career life, corporate culture, work-life balance, and learning processes.
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Organic Food Demand in Turkey: Segmentation From Necessity to Variety
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Göktuna, Bilge Öztürk; HAMZAOĞLU, NAZİFE MERVE
We aim to reveal organic food consumer profile in terms of sociodemographical characteristics and their preferences including their food consumption choices, knowledge, and information on organic label and environmental awareness and describe the obstacles preventing the growth of organic food sector in Turkey. We conducted a consumer survey in the three largest metropolitan areas in Turkey to describe the characteristics of Turkish organic consumers. The results show that they are mostly more mature, married, having higher income, and do physical activities and they are predominantly concerned about health issues, rather than environment- and food-related preferences, and have limited information on organic. We have produced a graph for Turkish organic food demand using the relative reservation prices that the participants have declared. We can see that this demand is segmented: one part is steeper than the other, and for one segment, organic food is a necessity while for the other it is a variety in the food choice.
Metadata only
Unpaid Work, Paid Work and Gender Inequality: An Analysis of Time Transfer Accounts for Turkey
(Akademiai Kiado Zrt., 2024) ŞAHANOĞULLARI, NAZLI; Seçkin, Aylin; Georges, Patrick
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the total (market and non-market) gender-based production and consumption activities of Turkish men and women at different stages of their life-cycle. Turkey, one of the few emerging economies within the OECD, offers an interesting case-study as its female labour force participation rate is one of the lowest among OECD countries. Our results show that time spent by Turkish women on household activities is, on average, 30 h a week, basically three times as much as men. In fact, the women-to-men time use ratio for unpaid work is roughly twice as much as the OECD average. We estimate that the monetary value of women unpaid household production exceeds 29% of GDP, while the corresponding estimate for men is around 8%. Using the concept of life-cycle deficit, we also show that Turkish men are dependent on housework undertaken by women over their entire lifetime, which is an almost unique feature in comparison to the European and OECD countries. Finally, unlike other OECD countries that have introduced disincentives to early retirement, Turkish men continue to retire early but retain their acquired habits of not sharing the burden of household work.

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